Human Enhancement

Human Enhancement European Parliament

Martinjntje Smits, Ratheneau

What is new about human enhancement

Laissez faire Pro-enhancement Case by case Restrictive Total ban

Human Enhancement: A Reasoned Restrictive or (Cautionary Permissive?) Approach Roberto Mordacci

HE under the idea of Public Reason -    HE: poltical not metaphysical -    Improving t human condition not -    Equality, freedom and integrity of individuals as public goods -    Framework for justice as fairness in health issues (Rawls, Daniels)

Principle of respect -in a cooperative society, reasonable individuals woul agree..treat others with respect

5 principles fundamental for our self respect and mutual cooperation -    recognizably human body -    naturally unrestricted desire -    complex theoretical and practical rationality -    freedom of the will -    equal dignity permissible iff -    does not intentionally disfigure human body -    does not intentionally restrict width of human desire -    does not intentionally impair t ex of human rationality -    does not impede t human ability to choose freely -    does not violate equal dignity of indivs ie does not generate discrimination or unfairness

Tsjalling Swierstra techno-moral change

-what should be europe’s goals? - not passively following trajectory defined by most powerful technology actors

-habituation - techno-moral learning - what morals, what technology?

Accept contingency: in a technological world, fewer natural givens

Local experimentation, global evaluation

Issues to regulate -    should be reversible -    HUMAN ENHANCEMENTS values and negative freedom -    Gap between blue-print-technology and technology-in-practce (unexpected) -    Political and ethical -    Moratoria rather than absolute bans

Thought experiments -    stimulate techno-moral imagination by providing rich descriptions – need morality fiction not science fiction -    what is god life, etc

organize deliberative forums

epidemic of accountability issues on the horizon

defining a good society is in the end a political issue

communicate diverging positions widely

value lasting diversity

Hans -  Mr Buscani’s assistant

Questions & Answers

Q: Why are we still discussing enhancement in such broad terms Q: Recognizable body necessary? Q: NSF and DoC in USA – first workshop on this – used term ‘launch and learn’ (conservative politican), recommendation was to advise US government asked professors in humanities and sciences to spend time on the issue – and in schools too – how balance it compared to this politics in USA?

Dorette Corbey -    lots of political issues - -    developing technology for enhancement, rather than just for therapy

Tsjalling: neoliberal agenda behind enhancement debate – need more social perspective on converging technologies including enhancements. Do we really want to make people more compassionate, or greedy?

4 march – science in developing countries

Anders: public opinion  in Sweden – many people accept enhancement to help others, though low for self-enhancement.

DISCUSSION

Is there a red line, beyond which we should not fund.

Is there a tool box?

Are there distinct European values

Framework of public policy, not defining human nature

Values that protect good of mutual cooperation

Job is to remove discriminating practices not just alter the circumstances.

Danish Council of Ethics: case of lorry driver – might be an argument in favour of necessity to discuss different specifics – lorry driver, main problem is that the brain chip means that others would have to have it too.

ME: but we stipulate how many hours people can work, so this becomes an issue of regulating working conditions.

Danish Coucil on Ethics – subcommittee on human enhancement – invited to a conerence held by Danish Union of Optometrists since new technology in USA related to fight against terrorism has made it possible to make implants thinner, giving ability to look through things.

Anders: values important, but also need facts to make important facts – many forms of enhancement becoming realities, but limited knowledge – eg. cognition enhancement – prevalent among higher academics – is a paper written under influence of modafinil worse? – need to research ecological properties – need efficacy and saety

Antonio: medicalization and enhancement are beyond traditional politics – this morning – obesity gene in newspaper – concern will lead to individualization of probles – haven’t heard much about corporate interests – in US direct to consumer influences perceptions of normality – media role in shaping social needs

Marshall, NTL: human dignity –should it be so important that we know what this is, isn’t it more important that individuals make this decision for him/herself –not all social pressure is bad

Chair: I’m deciding dignity, but are you? It’s dependent on how others react to me.

ME: but my conception of dignity is shaped by our common laws at least.

Marshall: but a man should be free

Roberto: yes, you have given an idea of dignity

Tsjalling: don't think there is hope for red line in the sand. General principles is that past experience doesn't necessarily guide us. – lorry driver – new technology shifts responsibilities – before it, we consider whether chair is too comfy, or working too much?

Roberto: overlapping consensus

Reverent from NL: human nature is relevant.

Jordi (MEP): Case by case approach with minimum standards

Chair: what if we create a working group, how create connections with citizens? Or should it be done by emmberstates?

Jordi: it is possible, we have an ethical board already. This q needs a broader discussion. Red line says taboo, but before red line, case by case approach, wth discsussion – want to allow pursuit of happiness, not make them happy (US constitution). What is able to make us all happier.

Chair:  EU level committee.

Francois , EU: keep in mind dual dimension – enhancement of soldiers.

Jordi: or for disabled people.

Political scientist in Vienna: governance question – who is setting the agenda – citizen conferences in Denmark – who is framing the problem – is it really participatiory/deliberative/representative?

Manchester:

Should form a council where everyone is amateur

Peter, Free Uni of Brussels:

It also should not contribute to its criminalization through policy making.

Jordi: health literacy is EP buzzword.

Malcolm Harbour: need broader platform, engagement and citizen participation. At last workshop was about converging technologies. Had some debate about transhumanism. Our role is to inform politicians here and to get them engaged. Other is about global reach and issues – in Europe – eg. stem cell research – we do not have homogenous research. In UK and others, set up own bodies and practices, to approve work around genome. Though many regard UK as dangerously liberal. Human dignity and quality of life issues. One of biggest challenges on human dignity and old age – fact that already significantly prolonged life expectancy at a rate faster than any other decade – what this means for society as a whole – if elderly people can stay at home and live in domestic environment on own, this is a major enhancement of their dignity and their quality of life. European elections on 4 june in uk and vote.

Vancouver

On Buried Hatchets and Better Tomorrows

Nora Young, Spark

What mainstream media can learn from social media Transparency – we’ve learned not to be protective –

Show parts of invus not normally broadcast

Using twitter - info medium, but sometimes use to develop story ideas.

Change of culture of the book – linear, to web

From indiv perspective to collaborative.

As big as shift from oral to book culture

Mcluhanite ecology of information

Mobiquity

73m people in china access web only through phones

mobile web

broader technological shift – virtual meeting real

new apps: - poken - touchatag - smart posters

what happens when perpetual info

doesn't have to be detached from geography – hyperlocal – the neighbourhood

use number crunching in local -    crime map – uk home office using

complexity of social relationship

sustainability alec steffan – access to info, to change way we consume from buying objects to sharing – eg. an electric drill – average person uses it for v limited amout in their life –

change in consumption patterns through info

Jennifer vandermere – green activist – innovation strategist – gap: between what people say they want and what they buy. – can only close gap by bringing designers closer to consumers – better marriage of information – beyond focus groups -

Clay sherkey –

Andrew keen – the cult of the amateur -    I think he’s wrong

LOLcats

teh funny Rob Cottingham Socialsignal.com/n2s

Host city for the 2010 olympic riots

Hootsuite

What makes social media funny

Podcast – funny or not?

End-user license agreements?

Beta testing

Collaboralot – private beta

Memes

Blogging -    monetizing blog

Mental Health Illness and Social Media

Acute pluracy – inflammation between 2 linings in lung

www.Moritherapy.org

what do people use.

Interesting discussion about online etiquette. Whether it’s ok to not reply to an IM. Some people say it’s ok, some think it’s person specific. – majority of people think it’s ok – but IM has changed a lot –now you can see when people are typing and when they seem to have stopped mid message.

Kevin rose

IM as a presence application

Nearly nobody spends time in SL here.

Gene Doping

American Enterprise Institute 18.12.2008 Gene Doping, Doping & the Future of Sport

Introduction Jon Entine

Travis Tygart Doping creates atmosphere of coercion Athletes don’t want it Public harmed by fraudulent activity Teenage pregnancy less for girls who play sports Ethical crisis Josephson institute of ethic – 24% admit have cheated on a test in school 30% have stolen from a store.

ME: who are they trying to convince, if this is so persuasive?

Gene enhancement is banned Should play by the rules

THG nearly identical to gestrinone -    yet it is unhealthy, untested

ME: drugs are bad – ie. They don’t work, they have unknown side effects.

Photos of body builders who use drugs

Organized doping can be sophisticated -    provides image of a calendar with notes about when to take the drug

liquid, cream

Kelly White – smiling faces on her calendar

ME: ridiculous to claim that this is sophisticated

The shame she faced is important

ME: Health risks are real, but the shame is not

ME Why was victor conte emailing advice? I’m not sure I would have done this.

Education -    athletes need to know why healthy comp is important. -    Achievements in sport should be result of hard work, commitment and dedication.

Been in the public domain for many years

This fight is for the soul of sport

Question about facts and values -    some of what you explained was factual

Jean: doping starts in high-school – beyond elite sport

Rule bound

High-school testing – we support, but need preventative methods.

ME: Youth Olympic Games?

Nanotechnology for human growth hormone

Ed Moses: don’t understand how athletes can run 800m without putting in miles; coaches have changed parameters of athletes.

Panel 1: Athletes under the microscope

John Ruger, Athlete Ombudsmen for USOC A federally mandated position – Bill Clinton signed it

I don’t represent athletes. I advise them of their rights But I do help with process No collective bargaining agreement

3 really important things that an anti-doping prog must have 1.    must succeed if will prosper. People cheat, there’s no doubt about it.

Not much down side to getting caught Addition of USADA – single most important thing we have done

Every case is publicised – USADA policy

2.    methodologies must be secure, scientifically sound; when lab says you’re guilty, very little you can do to fight that.

Test for gene doping must be absolutely sound Don Catlin – THG – needed test to be robust for legal defence

Athletes who got a raw deal in doping process

Luge athlete – used propecia – TUE – banned list 2005 – Zak did not check list – he was tested 8 times in 2005, listed propecia in each sheet, and in December 2005 tested positive – went to Torino 2006 and 1-year ban – was that fair? I think arbitrators had second thoughts and changed rules

3.    athletes must believe that process is open and fair

athletes must tell WADA where they are every day 3 months in advance – must live by this standard

IOC supplements test – 15% positive substance without listing on label –

Marion Jones said: I’m worrid about kangaroo court if I were found guilty – we changed rules to make open to public – first was Floyd Landis, who had sympathetic press – but case went against him -  process shown to be fair

Kicker Vencill – had supplement positive – technically guilty – but not guilty of cheating, because of contaminated supplement

Kicker Vencill Concerns about process First, I believe in clean sport and relies on anti-doping Must list a one hour window each day 365 days for when we would be available I had to update this online I’ve complied since 2001 Held at high standard

I tested positive for steroid – 4 yr ban – arbitration ruled to 2 yrs, since adopted in fall 2003 – positive test was from contaminated multi-vitamin Civil lawsuit against company – lawyer said no performance enhancement – my results were not nullified – strict liability – WADA Code 1.5 shows possible of reduction in exceptional circumstances – so best case scenario is 1 yr suspension, but always been more – supplement contamination is a huge culprit – why do anti-doping agencies refuse XXX athletes – lot of discussion about spirit of sport – this would be beneficial info to athletes – hypocritical to be aware of problem and not enough to give general warnings about supplements – I would like to know which supplements or companies that supply them are under investigation, but I’m not given this info

Anti-doping – guilty until prove innocence, contrary to law of land: innocent until proven guilty

Civil case went in my favour – but strict liability still applied – 2 yr penalty – death penalty in my career – strict liability allows ADOs to treat all case the same – for consuming supplement –

I have a huge problem being classed as same as ‘hard’ dopers Doesn't seem ethical to me

We are human beings before athletes – must respect Not much evolution in this

Imperative that athletes and ADOs are more symbiotic Unethical for only one of parties to be held accountable

Dionne Koller Uni of Baltimore, School of Law

Intro by Jon: Teaches civil procedure - Sport and law – health and law – nationalism

Move from individual stories to bring government into conversation Deconstruct fight against doping

Government support crucial to fairnesss of process Ensure viability of anti-doping initiatives Starting point is common wisdom that Olympic sport is private enterprise and doping is an individualized problem – athlete is moral actor in doping equation – focus on individual why we have calls for gov to get involved

I see doping as cheating – and indiv is actor – but not just athlete – much bigger – temptatin to cheat and ability to pull it off well beyond indiv athlete – indiv connected to national community – nationalistic – above all else values ‘winning for the country’

Promote national prestige – sportive nationalism - GDR and now China – intro itself to world through pageantry of sport - How can it maximise nation’s prestige - How does doping fit into that paradigm? - Incentive for nation to allow or encourage doping - Link between medals and doping not hard to appreciate – using drugs greatly increases chance of winning  - Doping is an easy way to get there? - US interested in winning in sport

Doping use rampant – reasons why athletes dope: athletics should be defined by indiv, but seems to be a structure that requires to win for country – now, paradigm shifted, worldwide consensus that doping is wrong and should be stopped and winning in and of itself not enough – winning with morality matters – use athletes to show that can punish if necessary

What does this all mean for doping today? – gov has recalculated to lead fight on world stage – Is this a good thing? Of course, but not convinced that this fight is for the long run – or about fairness and integrity of sport

ME: seems to me that it’s about politics

need incentives – need to show world that we’re tough   - kicker evidences that – important to understand – cold war athletes different from world today – athletes have much more opportunity today to earn money – what is at stake?   - USA no longer letting doping go on – can be doomed to fail – ignore basic fairness in pursuit of athletes can undermine legitimacy – what happens if prestige benefits for fighting doping are not apparent – are we at a place where winning not the only goal – are we at point where win at all costs is dead? – we hear that some countries are not on board.

Questions & Answers

Jon: doping and china John: indicated that there would be no doping from China athletes – 3 things filtered from my emails in Beijing – Tibet, smog, protest – after games closed had the milk scandals – Dionne: China is the big question  - 16 yr old faked passports – raises q about process.

John: believe that there has been genetically enhanced athletes in previous games. I’ve spent time in China since 1996 – Chinese coaches involved with genetic enhancement – world class result from genetic enhancement – mitochondrial enhancement – as ageing – young athlete – achieved times that were impossible – 6 months later was gone – one Chinese athlete was genetically enhanced – mitochondria enhancement – very niave to believe that china is only – scientists will tell us rightly that cannot do it safely but many places will do it anyway.

Q: US Olympic Festival – better to have athlete as certified nutritionist to help with healthier lifestyle –

John Ruger: can we get suppliers who guarantee products – some believe we should have USOC nutritional provider – to make money from – sends mixed message when USADA says don’t take supplements and then have a provider that we endorse

Jean: there is no oversight on dietary supplements – not sure how can control a dietary supplement

John Ruger: yes, so this is why should be a good diet – rather than supplement

Edwin: my programme based on natural food. I cook all from scratch – I didn't take any vitamins – Olympic athletes have some of the worst diets – Daley Thompson: terrible eater and now says he doesn’t know how he made it and could have been better if had a better diet –

Kicker: I have medal winning friends who would not stop taking supplements

Panel II: Drug Testng and Policy

Randy Mayes (moderator) Intro by Jon: triple helix – science writer – cybergenetics of Kenyan running – genetics in historical context – explains genetics nanotechnology –

Critical analysis of sports enhancements – gene doping – detection –

Ted Friedmann Clarify the terminology on gene doping – role of genetics in a variety of areas -

Use justified for serious disease – but for more trivial use such as sport, not justifiable

Washington post article

The science of doping Donald a berry -    ‘anti-doping authorities have fostered a sporting culture of suspicion, secrecy and fear’

general tenets of doping -    protecting excellence – whose excellence?

Nature article – surprising position that anti-doping is the cause.

Obligation is hard to understand

Gene modification of athletes is coming

World of pro-doping is off track

Paul Haagen

Intro to Paul: sports law book for OUP;

Series of matters where universal agreement: sport rule based activity – clarity to rules are essential to reality – sport central form of intercultural exchange because of clarity of rules and goals – second thing:  sport exists in social and political context – can influence – had worked out a conference with Bei Da – but this was prohibited – was told though that USA was still main culprit of doping – as critical is nationalism and – have a culture of performance enhancement – business people fly from North America to Asia, they are taking various supplements to deal with jet lag – ethical issues  - ADA – accommodations on tests when sufficiently test – Oscar Pistorius – what is baseline for performance aid? –

Sporting rules are artificial – so argument that line-drawing is artificial doesn't get us far – first base is 90ft, could be100ft, if change, it would change the sport – fact that we draw a line at a particular place or that this is artificial is not a serious objection

If doping is ineffective will self-regulate – people will stop doing it – in absence of effective regulation, a significant number of competitors will be winners – can take a mediocre athlete and make them win – detection more difficult

ME: what would come first, the knowledge to gene dope safely or the knowledge to test for it effectively and are the two related?

Can an agency both police and promote/educate to certain kinds of goals? – if WADA etc promote anti-doping agency, then will be v powerful tendency to exaggerate quality of testing, to create rules that make it harder to challenge, conflate rule of ethical goal – some in doping are interested in seeking of potential – what is inherent in persons – clearly different levels of culpability –

Can enforcement mature to a point where admit that uniformity is a highly ineffective regulatory structure – try to keep people out, like Andy – very difficult to enforce – another is English property crime when inadequate resources to control – so made everything a hanging offence and caught nobody – other possibilities – real danger in change – fight for soul of sport – WADA and anti-doping have been a PR and political success of incredible propositions, close to unique – enforcement mechanisms that are made to work and if you move from moral clarity, it could unravel – failure to change though: maybe signif misdirection of resources particularly moral outrage: at persons who make mistakes, demonizing of them is a real problem – hand checking in bball not same as deliberate attempts to maim and injure – any other possibilities? USADA has strated t work on these – one is criminal law enforcement – if criminal authorities cannot be brought into this world, will be involved in significant underenforcement – BALCO track and field athletes had been pervasively tested and were not caught, but were once criminal authorities involved, same in cycling – GDR when Stasi file opened – who should be the target – coaches, suppliers? So much on athletes best approach? – need to look at creation of safe harbours – or limited safe harbours – Kelly White claims initial doping was unknowing, but current rules do not allow her to get out of it – pleas is to think about problem as regulatory – some things you let slide for good reason and direct resources to most interest

Questions & Answers

Randy: 2009 Code says –

Ted: PPAR – alter way your own endogenous genes are expressing – it is a gene manipulation of a sort as effects your own genes – no gene transfer – a pharmacological agent that is candidate for gene manipulation –

Jean: mitochondria gene enhancement

Ted: putting genes into mitochondria not well developed

Paul: as a society, we are going to massively reconsider role of regulation – moral imperative – but v hard to regulate – success period so narrow – if cheat on law school exam, might get a slightly better job – but if fail to cheat at Olympic trials, you’re probably going home.

Questions of Sport

Questions of Sport Edinburgh Law School 07 Nov, 2008

Sporting Brands & Reputations

13.30        Introduction Abbe Brown SCRIPT, University of Edinburgh

13:35        The Olympics & the Brand Farisha Constable, Brand Protection Manager, London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games & Paralympic Games,

Sponsor protection / ambush marketing  - Linford Christie contact lenses / Unofficial merchandise – bicycle – as rings / pin trading  - counterfeit pins / business names / integrity of brand / IOC/IPC / Olympic condom – ‘for the man that doesn’t mind ‘cuming’ second’ – class action from IOC / how protect: educate, existing laws (passing off, copyright, trade marks), contractual clauses, working with other agencies, special statutory protection / when athletes in Olympics, their image cannot be used by any commercial / marketing rights / working with advertising agencies / joint trading standards unit for the 2012 Games – newham home authority, 5 boroughs, good practice, consistency, planning / London 2012 anti-counterfeiting working group – multi-agency, collaborate and share info, consider and implement education and enforcement strategies, raising awareness and leaving a legacy for brand protection / Olympic Symbols etc (Protection) Act 1995 / London Olympic Games and Paralmpic Games Act 2007 (advertising and street trading – allow framework for regulation (purpose: clean venues, allow sponsors some exposure, prevent ambush marketing)  / regulations made c2010 / Advertising and Stret Trading Regulations continue (infringement, duration, where, enforcement officers, role of trading standards and police) / Ticket Touting – 2006 Act creates crime of selling an Olympic Ticket in course of business) / London Olympics Association Right – prevent unauthorized association with London Games or Para, any ‘representation’ a word, image, sound, etcc – may suggest and association with the Games BUT a court make take particular account use of ‘listed expressions’ / uses eg from 2005 brochure / limits of the law – cannot stop: editorial use, honest statements of fact, use which is not in course of trade, pre-1995 use of the Word Olympic (eg. Little Chef Olympic Breakfast, Olympic Removals, association with London 2012 made prior to 2006. / Beijing, now all eyes on London – ME: don’t forget Vancouver /  farisha.constable@london2012.com / ME: can Ed Uni set up Centre for Olympic Studies – A: we don’t try to stop educational studies, but if too commercial, then might be a problem.

13.50        Commercialisation : the individual & the image

Jamie McDonald, Golf Lawyer, IMG

Mark McCormack – started IMG 50 years ago and invented athlete as brand / IMG Golf  / How does IMG commercialize its clients? – Colin Montgomerie Sponsors – feature sponsors on websites – various products: sky, yonex, starwood, telegraph, EA sports, Gavin Green – Standard Endorsement Deal: grant of image rights (exclusive, non-exclusive, territory), grant of services/appearances, use of equipment, patches, fee, bonus, royalties, extension of endorsements (computer games), licensing / requirement that athlete must use the specified clubs by the agreemnt in place, cannot choose e.g use of 14 clubs, must use all 14 / logos on athlete – different part of body has different values / exceptional players will move from endorsement to bring their own brand – Beckham: still predominantly attached to other brands, not just his own /  Protecting the Image: trade marks of names (Beckham, Greg Norman, Tiger Woods) / Seve Ballesteros image of him from St Andrews now his logo, also tattoed on his arm  - John McEnroe  has trademarked ‘you cannot be serious’ / often try a ‘cease and desist letter – without much foundtion, but to see if it works, and it does /

Gillian Black University of Edinburgh,

Gulf between commercial practice and reality / athlete as property has no legal foundation / images and logos – individuals, rather than brand makes it different / 2 aspects: authorized exploitation (pro-active), unauthorized exploitation (reactive) / authorized: contracts/license, registered trade mark protection / Contracts: potential problems – 1) lack of certainty – enforceability issues, 2) privity of contract doctrine – cannot impact on 3rd parties unconnected to contract, so Telegraph relationship might limit that use, but others could / Zeta Jones an Michael Douglas – decided Ok! Did have legal inerest, but unlikely to be followed – eg. Hello knew what was going on / do sportsmen/women provide ‘goods or services’? – are they trading in them – not like Coca Cola trading goods, what is the athlete trading? – is the mark beng used ‘in the course of trade’ – is the name distincxtive, territories / Unauthorized Exploitation: 3 options – 1) Privacy, 2) Passing Off 3) registered trade mark / PRIVACY: was there a confidential relationship? – eg. Tiger Woods using a medication, if drug company advertised his use of it, would be a breach and could seek an interdict to stop – if not, was there a ‘reasonable expectation of privacy’ -  nature of activity, location, others in vicinity / PASSING OFF – 3 elements: 1) good will or reputation in the client’s ‘goods or services’ 2) misrepresentation by defender leading to public confusion 3) show damaged suffered by client – that law will recognize as damage  ie. Recognized interest, eg. loss of license or commercial exploitation, or damage to reputation / REG TRADEMARK – has client registered trademark, if so, does it cover use, cannot stop person from using one name – cannot stop people using one name , unless bad faith / Hypothetical problem: highland spring run a UK wide ad campaign using paaparazzzi shot of Andy Murray outside Wimbledon drinking highland spring – use image without Murray’s consent – what can he do? A: no privacy expectation, no misrepresentation, nor endorsement,  no reg trademark in Andy Murray, but not use in course of trade anyway, at least not in relationship to mineral water, miht be a breach in license ,but also prevents to third parties – Highland Spring could not enforce. So What legal basis can his advisers white a cease and desist letter?

14.10        Commercialisation : the team & the brand Seona Burnett, Partner McGrigors & David Marshall CEO Tennis Scotland

14.30        Creative Use of Brands Gerry Farrell, Leith Agency “Taking ‘Scotland’ to the last Football World Cup”, Abbe Brown “Supporting your Team? The Arsenal Saga”

Online is major prob of all brnd owners right now Ebay’s rights owners’ programme – to remove rights violation Register with You Tube -

14.50         Refreshments

15.20        Private Persons in Sporting Life Professor Hector MacQueen SCRIPT, University of Edinburgh Doug Gillon, Athletics Correspondent The Herald

Sex generally reasonable expectation of privacy, but many cases of sports stars have been present

Reasonable expectation of privacy at wedding, even if like Douglas and Zeta Jones!

Doug Gillon Athletics Correspondent, The Herald

Around major events, media interest intensifies

15.40        Sharing in televised sporting events Helen Arnot, Head of Legal Department STV SMG plc, Roisin Higgins, Advocate, Rachael Craufurd Smith, SCRIPT, University of Edinburgh

Beijing was about how and when/ Athens 2004 – embedded video 2.4m videos/ Beijing 30m videos viewed

2004 – Nobody knew of You Tube Independent research suggests that change of behaviour in pay tv

Rachel Craufurd 13hrs uploaded to You Tube every minute

ME: Nobody mentioned Google

Creates signif loss of organizations / Class action against You Tube – direct infringement – also accounting for profits and injunction – indivduals / To what extent can You Tube hide behind safe harbours/ Copyright Act / Individuals access to content / To what extent should they be liable / If needed to check every upload, would stall the service / music right,s, this came up via Napster / because You Tube modifies and indexes the file, it is liable / service provider must not interfere / veoh was effective at removing copyrighted material, but You Tube has not been / whether You Tube can control /  You Tube ref to other sites

Rosin Higgins Cheaper options to subscribe to tv rather than Sky TV

16.00        Sporting Brands and reputations: current themes Led by Abbe Brown

16.20        "Sporting experiences" Gregor Townsend MBE (Scotland and British Lions, rugby union) Julia Bracewell OBE(Olympic fencer) and Heather Lockhart (Scotland, rugby, tennis, hockey)

Followed by open panel discussion 17.00        Close

ME: Google Owns You Tube, BBC You Tube Channel, Olympics now licensing through You Tube

Human Futures Symposium (2008, Oct, FACT, Liverpool)

Human Futures symposium An Ethics of the Unknown Russell Blackford,

History of the concept of the future Current anxieties – corporations, environment

Emerging notions of the future – relationship to technology

Technology changing us – our capacities

Technology that mediates evolution -    does it? Can it?

The uncertainty part is about this mediation

What is ethics? -    politics and ethics of uncertainty

ethics: something about questions related to how live lives

t good life

politics is ethics writ large?

Ethics and politics of idea that technology can go inward and transform us

Should we respond with repugnance?

Leon Kass – cloning is repugnant

Bill McKibben –

Organization of society should not proscribe the good life

When laws are passed to ban technologies, enforces conception of t good that is at odds with liberal minded people – even if you agree with the rules

Social and public policy – going in the wrong directio

Reproductive cloning – currently not safe, so reasons to discourage

Is agreement with policy enough to justify the legal implementation of the good

There will be more issues of this kind

1997 Dolly

Justina Robson

Introduction to sci fi through Assimov, etc

Sci-fi was not for me as absorbed in ethics and morality – should and ought

Fiction of the future is – looking back in my life – are horror fictions – -    eg. credit crunch,

characters – how affected by these horrors

most of my heroines are  people who are booted into transgressions and must live with them -  they learn to accept and use

first book – Silver Screen – AI and self-evolution – technological singularity

I felt compelled to answer these questions about machinic intell

What is life?

Dawkins level still – biological machines

Replicators struggling to survive

Meme replicators

Skating over the difficult scientific issues – which nobody knows how to resolve

Hard sci-fi fans like it to be realistic

Silver Screen -    is  psychologist to an AI

as ug ,developed a Turing Test

machine replicant of a human seemed most convincing

in the story the AI is a property of a large corporate body

becomes subject of HR case and is granted those rights

inherited ideas from the past – silver screen – cyberpunk tradition – William Gibson – action driven, often depressing –

Arthur C. Clarke – children enhanced b alien race – to join  a hive mind being – whole of human race joins this hive mind – eastern philosophy pull in by western thinkers – we are one, unity, etc – moving to glowing  - this repeats in my stories too

Technological transformation of individual and society

Octavia Butler – US sci fi writer – deeply rooted in personal experience  - often involve alien encounter – could be  shape-shifter, or – and quite uniquely – start cloning processes with humans, etc  - not quite dystopian – but gruesome and disturbing

Healthy body integral to identity – when sick we feel v different – when I was v fit, world felt profoundly different – so imagine v signif changes – memory download – replication – complexity of decision making processes

ME: kasparove vs machine

Eternal Sunshine – rare story that ends up with absence of meaning

Ursula Leguin (sp?) -    speculating on how could change if views of gender were changed -    imagines gender neutrality of characters – human tries to relate to these people as one gender or not -    aliens are some aspect of ourself we don’t know how to deal with

ME: Kass can’t deal with his inner alien

Whether sci-fi becomes part of emerging

Norman M. Klein

When I was here last I predicted a great crash Forgetting –

History of the present – from Foucault Use HF book to re-encounter the present The present began Sept/Oct 1973 Vatican to vegas – ended when iraq war started

The future of forgetting – I incorrectly predicted where we’re supposed to be going.

Liverpool is being erased – working class

It appears that 1990s  - being put into place – trendy new Liverpool – erasing one thing tht would make Liverpool exicitnig now at a time where that era died yesterday

Where globalization is leading – term  / Much will change / Master planning harder to do / Changes in cities / Inversion of public and private / will post-Obama world reverse it? / neo-liberal model erased master plan – transformed by George With Bush / imaginary 20th Century – how was it seen before it happened and what phantoms continue – woman in 1901 selects 4 men to seduce her and what happens to them and her – what versions of t future didn’t come into existence / how we are mis-preparing for this / urban planning  - downtown LA – what are they meant to be in this new ecomony – in US prior down town no longer functions as downtown – not in downtown LA – gothic revival obsession – surburban fantasy of itself – good coffee, no tea –

ME: didn’t talk much about Asia

Scripted spaces – staged environments –

Incredible comedy on tragic scale

Something has reinvented identity –

Instead of becoming a machine, we become machinic

We lose consciousness of difference between machine and human.

Fantasize about the unreal – but when it happens we are surprised

Impact of media is slowing us down

Dominated by medication

Will need to: Design a public culture Be less cybernetic

Questions & Answers

Linda Candy: prediction – if not, then prescribe – I used to be a teacher – used to teach books like Brave New World, 1984, etc. looking back on the dystopan vision, we went into that somewhat mindless of what we were selling to these children. Looking forward – what would you prescribe for children to read –

Russell: Brave New World v immoral as it plays on people’ prejudices, because they are seen as bizarre – this should never be advised – I had an article in Quadrant – ‘who’s afraid of the Brave New World?’ – Bill Gibson’s ‘neuromancer’ – it’s not simply dystopian – it’s also alluring –

Norman: my students are rejecting utopian and dystopian

Justina: I was part of that generation – the presentation of the text is the crucial issue – but the bleak literature must have an opposition – today’s sci-fi are terrifying, etc, but also wonderful – the wonder is almost a religious experience

Norman: when world in shift, search for future and past.  My students interested in parallel worlds. New Nietzsche. New freud – freud the novelist.  Canon must be to invent point of origin.

Q: in future, will there be a canon – or centralized syllabus

Justina: canon’s always serve status quo.

Norman: postmodernism ended day before my birthday 1989. Canon is archive. Death of canon interesting. As long as it keeps dying, will remain interesting.

Encourage you to violate it.

Q Andy Sawyer, Sci fi foundation, Uni of Liverpool: alternatives could be those Justina mentioned. Interested in 3 comments: 1) Russell – future recent concept in history 2) sci-fi should and ought centrality 3) Norman – versions of future that never happened.    As I look at it, 100yrs ago, vision of future, but now more anxious, ambiguous. No such thing as prediction of future –

Norman: don’t own the future. In western Europe – Americans thought they owned the future. Accidentally bought the future in atlantic alliance

Justina: ‘nothing dates like the future’ –  great uneasiness

Russell: gursback continuum – Bill Gibson – that future didn't happen

Life After Death in the 21st Century

Chair: Ernest Edmonds

Technologies that shift our perception of ourselves – space, place & time Mental capabilities Re-thinking physical Linking with nature End of science etoy concerned with wrestling with implications of modern ICTs. Mission Eternity etoy.CORPORATION

etoy does its own dirty work – maintenance etc

does not rely on high-tech hardware

members donate space from their hardware

ME: environmental modelling project

No structural separation between different tasks required of etoy – engineer, lawyer, etc.

Project approaches impossible – eternal existence -  condemned to never finding out success of – never reach eternity

Serious – not fake – obsessed with fact that we are not faking things – but also it’s not science or medicine – it is art.

The scientists also approach as an artwork.

We only used ‘pioneers’ as subjects

ME: what do you bring to that concept of pioneer

Mr. Keiser – micro film pioneer – businessman, actor

Collecting his life in an abstract way was more than just a documentary form -    eg. counting up to his age – make mistakes, which are dramatic within the recording.

Shift festival in Basel  - measured data in a performance

Self-portraits

M∝ SARCOPHAGUS

17k pixel led display

low res images -    avoid mis-undertstandings. Remembering as much about forgetting as it is about storing data – resolutions change.

Art & Autonomy: Beyond the Human Paul Brown

Roger Malina said first paper on global warming publishd in 18XX

V little time left before planet loses capacity to sustain life

Humanity will devolve into hunter gatherers

ME: how imagine this scenary in context of an advanced intelligence?

I’m a ‘buddist

No worth preserving me Humaniy an illusion

What is worthwhile?

Life

As far as we know, we are only life in existence

Systems art – conceptual art

Jack Burnham – Beyond Modern Art (1968) -    artist would create autonomous life, - based on Nicoolas Schoffer, CYSP-1 1056, Edward Innatowicz ‘Cybernetic Art’, Edward Ihnatowicz, SAM, 1968

DrawBot V1 -    evolutionary robotics to evolve an automaton to create art

no way organic life can get into space, but these robust creatures can

life afte death is autonomous life forms

Linda Candy Life After death – hoping that there wasn’t one

1970s – age of uncertainty – devised BBC series - -first broadcast 1977 -    Galbraith: contrast great certainties of the past with today’s uncertainty. Decline and subversion of great economic movements

UNSUSTAINABLE FUTURES?

Nicola triscott Wha will kill us off Nuclear technology Doomsday device Threats from emerging technology

Likelihood of extinction – difficulty to predict

Distraction by immediate problems

Die back – overpopulation

Who  lives and who dies?

Space  Is not the escape option

Most sci and technology not human centred at all

Near earth space  - beyond why interesting?

Provoke thought about our planet

Gene Doping

Gene Doping ConferenceFlorence, Italy 2008.10.25

15:30            Welcome

Maria Luisa Giovannucci Uzielli

MODERATORS: Angela Schneider and Mauro Giacca

Arne Ljungqvist 1989 following Seoul 1988

Florence was first anti-doping conference in 1988

HM&R committee -    list: 11 -    lab: 8 -    tue: 6 -    gene: 5

Gene Doping Panel -    Ted -    Odile Cohen-Haguenauer, France -    Lee -    Doug Wallace, California -    Kurt Zinn, Alabama

$7m annual budget (1999)

ME: Today?

Torino 2006 - Austrian skiers  - IOC had info from WADA on the team – training site found haematological lab – found no athletes – WADA sent message to IOC – Austrias already in Italy – IOC informed Italian authorities of suspicion – engineer was known to be around athletes – if IOC had not acted, would have been blamed – IOC indicated that it would make a surprise test on team in 48hrs – Italian authorities came back in 24hrs indicating coordinated action – troops were guided to find the skiers – Austrian team panicked and jumped, some escaped, some found – Italian authority were investigating – all tests were negative – but Italians found material (illegal in italy) – would not had been discoeverd had their not been a law in place – based on this, IOC could ban number of Austrian athletes and officials – Austrian Olympic Committee fined $1m to IOC – Italian law prosecuting now

China – did have similar law in place to allow Chinese to do the case –

Gene Doping -    transfer of cells or genetic elements or the use of cells, genetic elements or pharmacological elements to modulating expression of endogenous genes t having the capacity to enhance athletic performance, is prohibited

can add something to list if makes 2 out of 3, but can

for gene doping is required that is performance enhancing – exceptional case, other elements do not have this stipulation

use of medical treatment without medical indication

PPARdelta agonists PPARdelta-AMP-activated protein  kinase (AMPK) Axis aonists (eg. AICAR)

Unacceptable for medical and ethical reasons

St Petersburg 2008 Particular concern about internet distribution Boundary between therapy and enhancement

ME: what is your best guess on the schedule for how close

Applications and Grants -    27% of WADA budget goes to detection research

genomics, proteomics, microarray, imaging/detection, markers, bioinformatics

The Future -    WADA is certainly the lead agency – in fact the only one that I know of – in the application of modern molecular genetics and DNA technology to t devel of improved methods for detection in doping and in averting the use of gene therapy approaches to doping’’ (Ted, friedmann in WADA Play True, 2007).

In certain circumstances we are ahead of cheaters – no evidence of use in sport yet, but have prmade progress

Francois XXX – here at conference – testing Tour de France –

We are ahead of those who might try to do this

Ted Friedmann Gene Modification in Sport: Doping and Detection

First meeting of this topic outside of WADA’s organization

Certainly possible that gene therapy has been successful and has cured people, but few are willing to say this in public, since many cases have shown disease symptoms later on (SCID-II)

Successes SCID

Progress in treatment of childhood blindness by gene therapy (Leber’s amaurosis in children) -    little doubt that has been effective.

Gene therapy as an immature technology is reserved for serious disease – “for the moment”

Springsteen - repoxygen

Bhasker and Friedmann (2008) Insulin-like growth factor-1 coordinately induces the expression of fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthetic genes in murine C2C12 myoblasts BMC GENOMICS, in press

WADA informatics  digital data processing platform

Policy and Ethical Problems caused by anti-doping regulation

WADA Code 2009 –

17:30–18:00

Pietro Mennea,  1980 Olympic Champion (gold medal 100m), expert of Law "Doping in Sports Between National and EC Regulations"

can you win without drugs? Yes.

I never had any major injury, no muscle tear -  I was regarded as the hardest worker in the world of athletics –

So, I still believe you can win without drugs

I was introduced to Cassius Clay – and he was told that he was the fastest man in the world – Clay said ‘You’re white’ and I said ‘yes, I’m black in side, blacker than you are’ – regardless of genetics it’s possible

Even if not predestined

Comparison between Bolt and myself – win less in Europe? No. today, Afro-Americans are winning today. Jamaicans.

What have we done for anti-doping? Before WADA was in hands of sports agencies Previously handled by IOC Purpose was to control laws

Matter of public health cannot be left to sports – state must be involved.

WADA cannot succeed in battle by themselves

We have to believe in this.

2003 WADA Code in Copenhagen – convention against doping -

BALCO –  THG – Marion Jones not positive, failed to be truthful in court of law

We need a criminal law – marketing now more than it was 20 years ago, in the hands of organized crime – mafia, Italian-American, Chinese, Russian – in sale of substances

Sale in gymnasia, spas, brings in money for criminal activity

Only if the state is involve through law Community Criminal Law – now 27 nations agree – uniform the control of crime Law did not pass -    up to now, nobody has put forth this kind of request. Nobody asked for passing of criminal law.

Countries with laws 1999 Denmark (recently amended) 2000 Italy 2006 France 2006 Spain – effective 2007 – spain one of the last due to Operacion Puerto 2007 Austria

doping will never be defeated because BALCO  for eg – there will always be people like that – problem of making money

people in sport surrounded by businesses

effects

18:00-18:15

Federico Bussolin, 1st at Eurojunior Championship 2008 (200m Butterfly) 2nd at World Championship 2008 (200m Butterfly) "Testimonies by a Young Athlet"

1999 WADA established I was an MEP and witnessed creation of WADA, which is doing an enormous amount of work against doping.

18:15-18.30 Voula Kozompoli, silver medal at Athens 2004 Olympic Game (Women Waterpolo), Captain of Olympic Greek Waterpolo Team at Beijing Olympic Game "Testimonies by an Olympic Athlet"

18:30-19:15

Andy Miah “Genetic Enhancement via Genetic Selection: Bioethical and Biolegal Boundaries”

19:15-19:40  “This is Florence” A short video-presentation

19:40-20:30  Buffet

20:30           Guided visit to the Palazzo Vecchio

Sunday 26 October 2008, Florence Convention Center, Piazza Adua 1

7.30               Registration  – Poster Exhibition Open

MODERATORS: Theodore Friedmann and Philippe Moullier

8.30 - 9.00      H. Lee Sweeney “Gene doping: How could it be done and when  might it happen?”

9.05 - 9:35

Hidde Haisma “Gene Doping- Fact or Fiction”

any students in biology can do this.

9.40 – 10.10   Judith Hall “Surprises and Secrets of the Human Genome- Things to keep in Mind When Looking for Gene Doping”

In the long run, gene therapy will be untraceable

Systems biology -    control of gene expreion

2003 Human Genome project completed, despite 2001 publication

20,000 genes (200,000 proteins)

only 4% of human genome are genes -

protein expression is key

15% of Asians who metabolise testosterone differently

huge variation within normal functioning

10 years from now, could have your genome sequenced for $1,000

pharmacogenomics – drug response - 5% of people have no response - 5% over respond - Must be related to metabolizing pathway

Ethical requirements for human drug research

Athleticogenomics – what factors are important – what research is needed

Genes, Metabolism and systems of interest Muscle, vaculature, nerves, bain, lung, growth factors, repair mechanisms, sources of energy (mitochondrial variation) -    in some places they uncouple ther mitochondrial to make heat, but an athlete would not want to do this

Systems Biology -    affecting one area affects another -    nothing is in isolation

possible to enhance one pathway

we are a long way from understanding secondary effects

in development of life, you use different genes – eg. embryo uses different set of genes from adolescent, etc -    haemoglobin different between foetus and adult -    going back to foetal pathways could be important

gene control -    expressing genes

Chromatin Structure – DNA

Micro RNA – control a whole set of proteins – not traceable

Other considerations -    diet, transgenerational effects

Diet -    north American diet deficient in folic acid -    don’t know enough about diet Agouti mice -    mutation, gene involved is an imprinted gene (only maternal inheritance), if you give mum a lot of folic acid, then can benefit the offspring -    folic acid metolates intruder by turning it off

Gl flora – by-products shift metabolism and ould be used to enhance performance

What gets inherited is not a deterministic genotype,but rather a genotype that encode a potential range of phenotypes (Gilbert 2000)

Drug effects or gene therapy may be passed on to the next generation

Your grandmother

Grandmother – mother – child -    the genes of ‘child’ were being developed in the mother’s womb, during gestation in the grandmother

chimera

mosaicism -    arises brand new Microchimerism -    find babycells in mother’s blood -    can find baby cells in mother blood, but also cells from every pregnancy. -    The cells stay there for a life time -    Stem cells

FetoMaternal cell trafficking (Bianchi XXX)

Fetal Maternal Microchimerism - cells can play a role in repair / Future: Easy to identify people with genetic potential for sports, Need huge amount of research to examine effects / Likely to do DNA profiles / Likely to need more tisues / Ormal human variation is enormous and mosaicism and natural microchimerismare unversal / Gene therapy today has signature but in the future my be imposible to test / Unethical to use such therapies without extensive research / Undoubtedly there will be individual variation in response

ME: scenario –

Questions & Answers

Is

In an adult, 1 in 10,000 cells is a stem-cell

Lee nelson

Diane Bianchi

One athlete claimed on ‘vanishing twin cells’

P. Mullier: As soon as we showed results, we had athletes come to the lab asking about it

Lee: real threat is from scientists who want to make money off athletes. India and China – many people who will charge, even though no benefit.

Michael Turner: vast majority of products not by elite athletes, but by people in gym – cosmetic result. Stem cell treatment widely used in horse racing in repair of tendons – we focus too much on winner of gold medal.

10.15 – 10.35  Discussion

10:40 – 11.10  Coffee break

11:15 – 11:45  Alun Williams “Human Genetic Variation and its association with physical performance phenotypes”

23 genes – 1 in 7milion chance of existence of 1 in UK -    but expect many others influence

ME: the individual who has 23 of the genes is more likely to be a good endurance athlete, but is it also likely to be more capable than an individual with 10 or 1? – is there cumulative effectiveness?

Questions & Answers

Jim: low probability of having ultimate athletic genotype, probability

Q: association studies – today, concensus that only way to do it is whole gene snip analysis – has anyone started such an approach?

11:50 – 12.20  Mauro Giacca “AAV vectors as highly effective tools for IGF-1 gene doping”

12:25-12:55    Giuseppe Lippi “Gene doping, hypoxia and enhanced erythropoiesis”

gene therapy for lng-term expression of erythropoietin in rats Proc Nat Acad Sci, USA 1995, vol92, pp 8055-68

13:00- 13:20   Anna Baoutina (scheduled scientific contribution) "Evaluetion of an approach to directly detect gene doping using EPO as a model system"

13:20-13.40    Maria Minunni (scheduled scientific contribution) "Bioanalytical approach based on affinity sensing as promising tool for gene doping detection"

13:45 – 14:30  Lunch

MODERATORS: Arne Ljungqvist, H. Lee Sweeney

14:30-15:15     Posters Presentation (eight minute each, with slides)

HFL Sport Science LC/MS/MS and quantitative proteomics Pamela Brown

Protein in serum/plasma

15.15 – 15:45   Philippe Moullier “Genetic Doping with erythropoietin cDNA in primate muscle is detectable - Part I”

15:45 – 16:15   Françoise Lasne “Is EPO Genetic Doping possible b direct approach?

16.20 – 16:45  Tea break

16:50 – 18:50   Round Table: “Gene Doping: what is possible and what is not” Theodore Friedmann, Françoise Lasne, Arne Ljungqvist, Judith Hall, Alun, Williams, H. Lee Sweeney, Hidde Haisma"

19:00 - 20:00   Buffet

20:00              Guided Visit to the National Museum of Florence, "Bargello", especially open for the Symposium Participants

Monday 27 October 2008, Florence Convention Center, Piazza Adua 1

7:30              Registration  – Poster Exhibition Open

MODERATORS: Judith Hall, Alun Williams 9:15 - 9:45     Angela Schneider “Gene Doping: Ethics and Privacy Rights”

athletes not deprived of rights if demed ineligible

must still respect human rights

David Suzuki – challenged research on racial profiling in public sphere

10.00-10.40 POSTER PRESENTATIONS Jim Rupert Indirect SAGE analysis – epo Blood based test Aim to see if we can distinguish between epo and altitude chamber Epo expression in absence of hypoxia response is the main interest.

Q: if athlete goes to altitude and uses epo, can you discover? A: Assumption is that if go to altitude, you don’t need epo

Valeria Mastellone Vincenzo

Relationship between ACTN3 and ACE I/D

ACTN3 gene directly involved

ACTN3 R577CX polymorphism conists of a converstion of an arginine residue to a premature stop condon at resdue 577

Frequencies of allelic frequences in ialian population compared to elite athletes

ACE

Gayagay (1998), Alvarezz (2000), Nazarov (2001), Scanavini (2002) -    indicates statistical significance

10:40 – 13:30  Round Table: “Genetically Modified Athletes: Bioethics,Technology, Legal Implications” Angela Schneider, Andy Miah, Pier Francesco Mannaioni, Michail Shapiro,, Giuseppe Lippi, Judith Hall, Hidde Haisma, Domenico Giampietro Pellegrini

13:30 – 14:30  Lunch

14:30 – 14:50  Presentation of Posters  (eight minutes each, with slides)

14:50            Conclusions Theodore Friedmann Arne Ljungqvist Andy Miah Giuseppe Pieraccini Giorgio Galanti Massimo Gulisano Maria Luisa Giovannucci Uzielli

15:50            Symposium closed

London 2012 Northwest (2008, Oct 15)

2012 Northwest Video montage for ECOC achievements

Introduction Alan Jackson BBC Radio Merseyside

Liverpool 2008

Welcome Peter Mearns NWDA

Spider / Ringo / Big things happen here / 2002 Commonwealth – North West Business Club – £22m contracts at 2002 / London 2012 Business Network – first legacy project for 2012 – all businesses must register or will not get any business / Olympic Stadium / Liverpool 08 events – attracting visitors – expect additional £100m for regional economy will have been generated – over 10m visitors attended city this year  / since 2004, NWDA worked on winning events – this year events include world swimming champs, great north swim, firefighter games, beach volleyball in blackpool, Manchester world squash champs / BS8901 – international management standard / 2012 nations and regions – Seb Coe comes regularly, recently Lancashire and Cheshire / Beijing 2008 suggests benefit

[Alan Jackson] Tag lines – England’s North West – What a lot we got

Highlights, Achievements and Future Priorities Andy Worthington

A lot of cynicism in advance of Beijing. Then it transformed into positive feeling with the medal count – sales of swimming suits and bicycle sales up after the Games, could ot book the velodrome in Manchester, all sold out, university gym membership up 50%, kendel judo club 20% increase in bookings compared with previous years,  - lots of stats about support / Northwest Business Network – Olympic Stadium – steel work from a Bolton company / 7 training camps in region, another 25 for paralympic , second highest of all regions, / Wavertree Sports Complex – 50m pool / work is all about building engagement / about to launch the Be Inspired 2012 Northwest Website / handover process / sport and art – Coubertin, Debbi / roadmap – in booklet / Nations and Regions group in LOCOG / Phil Craven is the Northwest liaison for 2012 / key aspirations over next 12 months – in brochure / Branding – cannot yet use logo, trying to get inspire mark worked out, need more dedicated posts / changing regional landscape is threatened – disbanding regional sports boards – paradox / Opportunities – capitalize on Beijing – Liverpool 08 – Roll out of inspire programme – Delhi 2010 Commonwealth – Major Events – Olympics football at Old Trafford, Glasgow 2014 / www.nwbeinspired.com /

[Alan Jackson] cultural Olympiad already happening

The Cultural Olympiad in the Northwest Debbi Lander

Placing culture at heart of the games / Northwest signature programme – Neon Atractors, Lumino City, Station Stationary, Portable Playground / Open weekend – stakeholder survey – priorities identified: R&D culture – Film and New Media, Biotech, Health, Disability; outdoor performance and street art; heritage, landscape and cultural assets with young people / We Play – Body and Economy: play as a form of research – body as toy, tool and interface; Play & Space: ; Routes and Trails: cultural journeys connecting places – play as learning (sector, regional development) – each of strands has one main legacy project / Northwest £3.02m from Millennium legacy, Legacy Trust, Calls for Proposals, commissioned partnership of 9 orgs, the Legacy Producers Group – new work each year up to 2012 – setting national standards – Abandon Normal Devices (AND), Body and Economy – Folly, Cornerhouse and FACT – link the 2 city centres, alternate years in Liv and Manc, and alternate year in Cumbria and Lancashire – creative economy at heart of CO – focus on body, disability / Play and Space: animation programme, Kendal International Arts & Manchester International Arts / ROUTES & TRAILS: designed and delivered entirely by young people, devel a methodology for subsequent

By 2013: B&E: new annual festival; P&S: consolidate reputation; R&T: model for young involvement /

Money: £10.175m legacy value of the programme, against £3.02m investment

Advanced in fund raising strategy

Additional strand: Blue Sky aspiration – ‘We Play Expo’ – aim to provide a celebration of play during Games time period,

INSPIRE MARK CAN BE USED IN We Play

Play’s the film by Adam Tallon

Football 2012 Dave Edmundson, Chief Executive of the Football League Trust

Football as a training mechanism for athletes from a range of sports / Tessa Sanderson involved.

Cycling in the Northwest Brian Cookson OBE

Young Ambassadors film -    Paul McCartney music over film – Paralympic project

Paul Deighton CEO, LOCOG

Do things different from Beijing / athletes’ village / experience of general spectator /

Diminishing Beijing’s spectacular side – 10,000 synchronized

Cultural Olympiad –

Volunteers – volunteers in Beijing were millions of Chinese students – smiling a lot, always young, always too many of them, mostly struggled with English – if wanted detailed help, you would struggle.

Vancouver 2010 – home country teams

Livesites – Successful in Beijing. (!!!)

ME: In Beijing, there were protest zones, has London thought much about how it will deal with freedoms of expression against the Olympic celebration?

Art & Democracy

Arts & technology: The role of the arts in democratic policy making

Tuesday 14th October 2008

1400     Welcome & introductory remarks

1410    Art in an age of uncertainty

Dr. Andy Miah Reader in New Media & Bioethics at the University of the West of Scotland

1435    Begotten not made

Mr Paul Meade Director and joint artistic director of Gúna Nua Theatre Company, Dublin and winner of the Irish Council on Bioethics arts competition

1500    Tea & coffee

You are encouraged to use this time to view the ‘Art of Bioethics II’ art exhibition.

Bioethics policy making- Is there a role for the Arts? Dr. Chamu Kuppuswamy School of Law, University of Sheffield

Intellecual property, equity, Warnock report, human fertilization and embryology

Policy

1540    The Good, The Bad and The Indifferent: ethical explorations in Science Fiction

Justina Robson UK science fiction writer

1605    Panel Q&A session

Chair: Dr. Rob La Frenais, Curator, Arts Catalyst – the science art agency

1635    Close

Drinks Reception

Less Remote

LESS REMOTE

Blog entry

Q: have you thought that aliens might be machines? A: we do take that seriously.

I’m not too sure where to begin with this one. Let’s start where I am now - observing a highlight lecture on the Dynamics of Climate Change delivered at the International Astronautical Congress. It takes place in an auditorium that holds around 3,000 people. Approximately 300 people are present, based on my precise mathematical method of looking around. Part of the lecture, given by the National Centre for Earth Observation explained the value of being able to observe Earth from outer space. Oh, that’s interesting. So, we need to do what his organization happens to get paid for. Not necessarily troublesome, but useful to point out that the ideas we’re being sold are the ones that our speaker gets paid to address. He’d probably like a bit more money to do it as well. Fine.

The presentation also articulated the absence of a skill base to adequately understand and address some of the more pressing challenges we face due to climate change. So, there also needs to be a long term investment into the skill base that would boost the work of the NCEO. Right, but, for want of a better phrae, ‘he had me at hello’. I’m signed up. The practices of environmental care are morally preferable to the practices of reckless excess. That’s good enough for me and he even said we can close the Ozone hole, if we behave. All good and I don’t really mean to appear dismissive. It’s just that a lot of these meetings clearly engage undisclosed financial and political interests and we need to take that on board.

I’m getting side-tracked. This is a posting about the conference on Outer Space. I entered this room after having just finished listening to a series of artist presentations, which articulated their own engagements with outer space.  It’s really the highlight of my academic year, so far – and it’s got fierce competition, not least the Beijing Olympics. It’s just the sheer range of ideas and issues that have inspired me. That always has the edge. The exhibitors’ hall is a marvel in itself, and I’ve been to some good exhibitors’ halls. This really leaves the others standing. Best free toy: a pen that lights up (better than it sounds).

The real motivation for being here and what I take from it is that space exploration engages us with a series of problems that are second to none. They apply across disciplines and the application to space requires our re-definition of concepts. My heart lies with the new ‘extraterrestrial ethical’ issues that it provokes and this lecture on climate change further convinces me of the contribution this ethical framework can make to how we relate to outer space. There’s a whole lot of work to be done!

Architecture of Address and the geopoliics of orbital space Fraser Macdonald

Fraserm@unimelb.edu.au

Astropolitics, rather than geopolitics

Space or access to earth’s orbit is becoming ordinary and everyday affair – eg. GPS

What’s at stake geopolitically in struggle for earth’s orbit is too serious to pass without political comment

Over 700 operational space craft.

40 nations have payloads in orbit.

Ref: Space Traffic Management: Concepts and Practices, Space Policy, 2004.

GPS developed out of need to guide Polaris nuclear missible

GPS used for myriad of apps

Children next subject of surveillance

iPhone allows to display friend with green dot – using google map.

Immersive games.

Info about your position doesn’t belong to you.

Success of geo technologies lie in West infrastructure

‘where am I’ quintessential geographical question

UN Outer Space Treaty – cold waar fudge

Finding Time in Google Earth Chris Speed

Kevin Slavin: ‘Google has facts, but cities have secrets’

Questions & Answers

Roger Malina: extending meanings of time and space to space is difficult.

Roger Malina: Colonization of Moon could use same model as Antarctica, designate landing site on Moon as World Heritage Site, but UNESCO needed a country to sponsor, so did not work

Other cultural models

Makes us reflect on arrangements on Earth

Indigineous sovereignty -    non-territorial sovereignty

The Other Place Kirsten Johannsen

In Space and Out of Scale Nina Czegledy

Nicolas Peter, ‘space exploration 3.0 about to begin’

Why colonize mars -    diplomatic value -    economic value -    not science fiction -    home for mankind (backup)

Searching for and transmitting signals isa moral obligation ‘Gerhard Harendel, Max Plank Institute’

this discourse is wrapped up in moral justifications.

Q: Wendell W. Mendell

Rob: Mars 501 – Dutch Space – simulation of Mars – simulating videogames for 500 days, and camera to record facial movements of players, to have a record of psychl state of Mars 500 expt.

Fraser: geography has been oblivious to outer space

Roger: perhaps should be talking about cultural construction of space.

Less Remote

The morning was spent mostly on the geography of outer space. Discussions focused on the language through which we describe our cultural relationship to outer space, whether it is through architectural or positional dynamics that might operate around space exploration.

Lunch

Tomas Saraceno

Bolivia – Salty Lake – flattest surface on earth

Human Reproduction in Space Rachel Armstrong

Crawford-Young Conclusions -    cytoskeleton resulting in dramatic effects on nervous system

The Art and Science of Interstellar Message Composition Doug Vakoch SETI Institute

Q: have you thought that aliens might be machines. A: we do take that seriously.

Yelling at Stars Forms of commujnication, messages, Performance tomorrow at CCA!

The Arts Catalyst Curated Event

Marko Peljhan

Micro and nano satellite technologies and applications Ljubljana, 7-9 Oct, 208

Moon Vehicle

Drawing on a projection of the moon – children – what would you like to see on the moon?

Pascal Pique Cite D’Espace, Toulouse

Jan Fabre - Anthropology of a Plane

Space City in Toulouse -    10 years since opened

Carrie Paterson

Gender, difference, body

ME: major obstacles to your work -    Inside and outside -    What we can do to artist’s bodies ethically -    How do we put the body back together in a meaningful way without falling into problematic tropes – limits of the body -    Access to space agency. Not possible in India to have high value pieces of art science unless can break down the walls. -    How inside of human is interacting with outside – eg. cognitive. -    Marko: culture

Biological Habitat Beyond Gravity Zbigniew Oksiuta

Isopynic Systems

Breeding Spaces

The Martian Rose (2007) c-lab

Mars

intro GM plants into wilderness – -    The Mexico Project

Nature, belonging and otherness

Mars – ultimate frontier

A Rose From Mars Symbolic delve into poetic imagery

NASA Institute for Advanced Concept -    redesigning plants for Mars

Bacteria has been to the moon and on return it is possible to resurrect them

Mars Simlation Laboratory University of Aarhus

Professor Neil Mason, Dept of Physic and Astronomy Art and Genomics Centre, Uni of Amsterdam

Tools to search: methods and objects of the Researchraft FFUR www.ffur.de

urban and imaginary places

participated in a parabolic flight -    ‘cloud core scanner’ – examine smallest particles in cloud’s material

Strange Attractor Carrie Paterson Carl Berg Gallery, Los Angeles

Art from Atlantica Mission Sara Jane Pell

National Review o Live Art, Glasgow, 2003

ME: Critique of Bioartists. elaborate. Who are they?

Interest in research proposals

Underwater space and art conferences

Sub-culture – various ties of life support –

Aesthetics of care

IAC Main Congress

The Dynamics of Climate Change Highlight Lecture

When it comes to predictions, 2 obstacles – 1) uncertainty of model and their represetation and 2) knowledge of initial system state.

Next...

Kopernikus

Olympics Politics

Leeds Met Uni

Cultural Olympiad seminar The 2008-2012 Cultural Olympiad: A Round Table Discussion

What is the 2008-2012 Cultural Olympiad, and what is its relevance to Yorkshire and other English regions? The panellists will consider what can be learnt from previous Cultural Olympiads, as well as issues of evaluation, links between the arts and sports, and the potential impact of the Olympiad on cultural activities.

5.45-6.10pm Welcome and opening remarks by Professor Simon Lee, Vice-Chancellor, Leeds Metropolitan University.

An introduction to the round table, by Leeds Metropolitan University’s Professor Tony Collins, Institute of Northern Studies, and Professor Franco Bianchini.

6.10-7.15pm Tour de table Dr Beatriz Garcia, Director of the Impacts 08 – The Liverpool Model’ research programme, and researcher on the legacy of cultural programming within major events, University of Liverpool.

Paul Brookes, Creative Programmer, Cultural Olympiad (East Midlands), Nottingham and former Director of the Bradford European Capital of Culture 2008 bid.

Cost of security for 2012 - £1-2billion

Tessa Gordziejko, Creative Programmer for London 2012 (Yorkshire), Yorkshire Culture, Leeds.

Cluny Macpherson, Head of External Relations and lead officer on the Cultural Olympiad, Arts Council England, Yorkshire.

Professor Christopher Bailey, Dean, Faculty of Arts and Society, Leeds Metropolitan University.

Doug Sandle, independent researcher & writer on public art, visual culture, and the links between sports and the arts, and former Reader in Visual Studies at Leeds Metropolitan University.

7.15-8.00pm Questions, comments and concluding remarks by panel members.

Leo – international component as well as local Iain – paralympic cultural legacy

Ian Rush – project director – tier 2 -

The Olympics: Politics and Protest

Conference to be held at Leeds Metropolitan University

17th and 18th July 2008

17th July- Lecture Theatre E, James Graham

9.00am Registration – Entrance to James Graham

9.30am-10.45am Keynote: John Horne (Professor of Sport and Sociology, University of Central Lancashire) on The Four “Ps” of the Olympics: Power, Politics, Protest and Promotion

at Edinburgh festival this year – Amnesty International – campaign of release for Chinese HR activist

cant understand japan wout understanding east asia – colonizing

wouldn't call myself and Olympic studies scholar

Maurice roche Shanghai 2010 spent more money than Beijing 2008, but we won’t hear much about that – ME: IN WHAT SENSE?

Athens 2004 – 3.9b viewers of ceremonies Cumulative tv audience estimate – 40b 35,000 hrs of media coverage, increase of 27% from Sydney2000

2002 FIFA world cup, 41,000 hrs of programming in 213 countries 28.8b viewers

new Beijing, great Olympics Chinese version is ‘new beijing Starbucks in forbidden city Internet led campaign to have it removed and branch closed - ME: when did it begin?

Friendlies -    problem – Friend Lies or Friend Less -    so name was changed to ‘fuwa’

Ann-Marie Broudehoux (2004) – book on post-mao china/beijing

Friendlies Campaign – look similar to Japanese kerowo?

Chair: Stephen Wagg (Leeds Metropolitan University)

10.45am-11.00am Break – Lower Gallery, James Graham

11.00am-12.15pm Session One: The Olympics, ‘Race’ and Identity

Papers:

1) Tony Collins (Leeds Metropolitan University) on ‘The 1936 Olympics: A Local Perspective’

2) Stephen Wagg (Leeds Metropolitan University) on ‘In This Shrinking World: ‘Race’, the Olympics and the Wind of Change’

3) Rebecca Jenkins (Freelance Writer) on ‘Britain, Irish America and the 1908 Olympics’

Chair: Ben Carrington (University of Texas, Austin)

12.15pm-1.15pm Lunch – Hospitality area in the MetCeno

1.15pm-2.15pm Session Two: The Olympics: Communism and After

Papers:

1)    Evelyn Mertin (Sport University of Cologne) on ‘The IOC decision on the Status of Athletes from West-Berlin’

2)    Hung Yu Liu (Ming-Hsin University of Science and Technology,  Taiwan) on ‘A Study of the Signing of Lausanne Agreement between IOC and Chinese Taipei’

Chair: Professor Garry Whannel (University of Bedfordshire)

2.15pm-2.30pm Break

2.30pm-3.45pm Session Three: Paralympic Issues

Papers:

1)    Ian Brittain (University of Bedfordshire) on ‘The International Olympic Committee’s Relationship with International Disability Sport: Sixty Years in the Making’

2)    Hayley Fitzgerald (Leeds Metropolitan University) on ‘Does anyone care? The exclusion of learning disabled athletes and the Paralympics’

on classification: Vanlandewijck and chapel 1996 Doyle et al 2004 Tweedy 2002

3)    Maria Antritsou  (Leeds Metropolitan University) on ‘Goalball – An Olympic Sport?’

Chair: Professor Jim Parry (Leeds University)

3.45pm-4.00pm Break – Lower Gallery, James Graham

4.00pm-5.00pm Session Four: Artists Confront the Olympics

With Hilary Powell (Optimistic Productions)

Adventures in the Olympic Village

Screening and Presentation. 15-minute film followed by a visual presentation and discussion going deeper into the films context.

Hilary Powell of Optimistic Productions will screen her 15 - minute film ‘ The Games.’ Filmed in February 2007 the film stages a surreal alternative Olympics amid the East London sites set to become the 2012 London Olympic Park.

Chair: Professor Franco Bianchini (Leeds Metropolitan University)

5.00pm-6.15pm Session Five: The Olympics: Tourism, Heritage and Legacy

Papers:

1)    Jason Wood (Heritage Consultant, Lancaster) on ‘Realising the value of sports history and heritage for the UK’s Cultural Olympiad – a plea for joined up government’

2)    Mary Smith (London East Research Institute, University of East London) on ‘The East End, London 2012 and the Question of Legacy’

Chair: TBC

18th July - Lecture Theatre E, James Graham

9.00am Registration – Entrance to James Graham

9.15am-10.30am Keynote: Helen Lenskyj (Emerita Professor, University of Toronto) on ‘Challenging Olympic Power and Propaganda’. Prof. Lenskyj’s paper will be read for her; she cannot now attend in person because of illness.

Chair: Professor Sheila Scraton (Leeds Metropolitan University)

10.30am-11.00am Break - Jubilee Room Helen Lenskyj’s book will be available for sale at a conference discount of £8.00

11.00am-12.30pm Session Six: The Olympics and the Media

Papers:

1)    Garry Whannel (University of Bedfordshire) and Raymond Boyle (University of Stirling) on ‘Whose Truth? Whose Power? Olympic Finances and the Media’

2)    Andy Miah (University of the West of Scotland) on ‘Ambush Media: Journalistic Freedom and Media Politics at the Beijing Olympics’

3)    Jon Dart (Leeds Trinity and All Saints) on ‘A Whole New Blog Game’

Chair: Professor John Horne (University of Central Lancashire)

12.30pm-1.30pm Lunch – Hospitality area in the MetCeno

1.30pm-3.00pm Session Seven: Olympic Ideology

Papers:

1)    Ian Ritchie (Brock University, Canada) on ‘Putting ‘Anti-doping’ to Rest: History and Mythology of Banned Substance Use in Olympic Sport’

2)    Alexandre Mestre (Sports Lawyer and Board Member, Portuguese Olympic Academy) on ‘The legal basis of the Olympic Charter’

3)    Stephany Tzanoudaki (Edinburgh College of Art, Centre for Visual and Cultural Studies) on ‘The Olympic City in the Postmodern era of its applied Utopianism’

Chair: Professor Tony Collins (Leeds Metropolitan University)

3.00pm-3.15pm Break – Lower Gallery, James Graham

3.15pm-4.30pm Session Eight: The Olympics: Policy, Protest, Resistance

Papers:

1)    Jim Parry (University of Leeds) on ‘Olympic Ideals and Olympic Practice’

2)    Leo Hsu (Da-Yeh University, Taiwan) ‘Olympic Philosophy: An East Asian Perspective’

3)    Steve Wright (Leeds Metropolitan University) on ‘Legacies of Securing the Olympics in a Time of Terror: China and the Use of New Technologies of Political Control’

4)    Konstantinos Zervas (Leeds Metropolitan University) on ‘Saying No to the Olympics’.

Chair: Jonathan Long (Leeds Metropolitan University)

Digital Economy (2008, July 4, BMA House London)

Digital Economy4 July, 2008. BMA House

Paul Luff

Gordon Brown £100m into digital economy

Digital eceonomy

Energy Nanoscience Essential platform Securing he fuure

£46m (2008-9) standard – large (£10m)

types of projects -    phd studentships (10-20 at a time; each one is 100 students – 400 total)

fund large centres (2-6 of them), around £20m each, possibly multi-institutional -    call in mid-july

identify funamental areas key to future research capabiity in digital economy -    transport -    creative industries -    healthcare -    (finance) -    (government) -    (services)

develop networks of researchers to define how spend money -    these clusters are for this

research clusters -    innovative media for a digital economy (oxford) -    e-Health+ (Manchester) -    inclusive digital economy supporting olrder and disabled people (Dundee) -    DIADEM (Queen Mary)

What’s the grand challenge?

IMDE -    social technology systems -    user-generated content -    new forms of exchange and participation -    new approaches and kinds of research activities -    3 areas

aim to see links across 3 themes, then feedback

build consortia for clusters

creative industries – sample issues -    new economic models -    ipr -    trust, reputation and identity -    blurring of boundaries -    resource of atomisable content -    cultural history of production -    funding models (reactive, short term) o    3-4 year too slow for this area. Funding period must be shorter

Transport -    sustainability and info -    technologies to substitute for travel -    multi-model and seamless -    transititional communities -    cult context, social criticism and urban planners (‘imagined futures’) -    public engagement -    methods: expts, demonstrations, unfocus groups

recent devels -    phased future calls -    range of funding models -    july 2008-07-04 interdisciplinary and inter-institutional

EPSRC might want to spend a lot of this money v soon -    definitely inter-institutional

push to inter-disciplinary research

strong involvement of social scientists

don't have to be big centres, but smaller projects

‘user-led’

involvement of industry

driven by problem on the ground

that’s why not theory of computer science, but applied -    new business models

‘what is industry/business in health care?’

patients and carers

elderly is a strong area

deadlines for proposals -    possibly December -    must commit funds by March 2009

Resources -    http://web.oerc.ox.ac.uk/research/digital-economgy -    http://www.imde.crowdvine.com -    http://digitaleconomies.tumblr.com o    between a blog and wiki

3 cards (blue) - 3 grand challenges to innovative care - with partner - decide which 4 are main, from 6 - write these on green card - connect with another couple, 8 cards - decide what are 6 main challenges

Setting the Context: NHS Direct Shirley Large

Aims to provide expert health advice for homecare 36 call centres – 8m calls per year 3m visits a month NHS Direct Digital TV – 18.9m (85% penetration

Research imperatives -    clinical -    organizational -    democratic

research priority areas -    advice and referrals -    long-term conditions -    new media and multi-channel -    public heath surveillance and response

how integrate with new media?

Emergency contraception pilot -    aim: understand how to integrat multi-chanaal -    social networking and im -    reach popn groups that have a partic public health need -    19 Apri – 1 June – Health Info Advisors -    delivered via applets o    Bebo o    Health centre eb at warwick uni o    Nhs direct -    (this was an advert) -    1,540 views -    661 IM chats -    446 (68%) NHS -    215 (32%) bebo -    average chat 12mins 32 seconds -    94% female -    57% 16-25yrs -    13% under 16yrs -    Reason for IM o    20% concern following intercourse wout cntractpin o    14% pregnancy o    10 failed contraction o    18 not worked -    62% of enquiries abut wider sexual health isse -    8% clinical symptoms -    highest referral to NHS Direct -    Questionnaire response 19% o    94% described chat as about right legngth o    85% found understand

ME: how did you establish demographic?

Bucks Shape 50+ Project: Health Connect Aviv Katz

Commissioned by oxford, Milton Keynes,

Citizen engagement aim

Older people from community -    cabinet members, local council

identify key issues -    HC not dealing with transport -    HC poorly equipped with info about how to get to surgery -    Lack of IT database -    (rural community)

vision – travel info service

not to create a new website, but a vision for integration

e-Health Plus David Wallom Northwest Instittue for BioHealth Informatiocs, Manchester

Aims -    healthcare usually too late in course of disease to make optimal solution -    lacks personalization of info -    digital eceonomy challnge: quickly assemble persuasive iformation from multiple sources, tailor to indiv and empower to make health choices

probs -    lack of prev and early healthcare -    poor/confusing info -    digital challenge providing personalized halth info

from illness to wellness

wellbeing not just managing illness

situational awareness of rising child-bmi – Wirral, 3-yr olds from 1988-2004 -    long term rise, since 1990s

gene association studies -    processing info

poor choices through lack of available information -    Klein, NEJM, 2006 – lipsuction – people will not know that the removal of surface fat does not reduce risk

How create system where can look at data

How make available?

Public good

How make sure that research on records see benefit of

Create federation rather than single database

Communities of best practice

Not single infrastructure

Beacon local health economies are ready to be connected, internally, towards t digital economy

Chain of health care prof with patient

Need more flexible relationship between patient and doctor

Personal healthcare system

Radical blogging: www.ehealthplus.org -    push projects and collaborations

public engagement, miniposters, competitions, networking,

personalized health care

eDiamond -    collab between health, industry and acadmia, to devel digital mammography improve diagnosis of breast cancer -    create library of comparison images -    access to many more radiographers -    automate first pass -    (did not succeed since NHS had already committed to another system)

My comments -    Open source -    Google Health -    Prob with UGC -    Establishing platforms as meaningful communities – not user generated content, but participant constituted platforms -    Significant aim should be to give priority to rare/poorly funded conditions -    Semantic web

Energy Balance Wristwatch -    informs about choices you can make

Personal Health Avatar -    second life -    how create second life avatar to examine presentation of health care info -    largest problem – how tell patient that may or may not see a doctor to be involved in a wellness culture -    inegate and present through various devices – scale – into ownenvironment

relationship to creative media cluster -    presentation, design, interface -    medical training: health care evolves rapidly, presenting training without removing from workplace must get used to

next meeting -    16th July, Manchester -    working towards first theme – personal devices for eHealth -    connectivity between devices, simulation and presentation

advertising not good enough -    ME: is there any study of which agencies are used for Health care advertising in the uk? Compare with marketing of pharmaceutical products to health care professionals.

Animal Agentz Mark Jones

www.animalagentz.com

children

phd at Great Ormond St Hospital

children go to website and learn skills

conditioning for subsequent interventions eg. vaccination

each animal has different skill

distraction cat

monkey – guided imagery

lion – cognitive behaviour therapy – saing positive things (for older child)

integrated on facebook, you tube, twitter,

ME: In what way is it on Facebook? How many users? What does it offer?

ADHD one possible app

IP -    patented

social software –

you tube – 143 views

stumbleupon

twitter -    getting community to advise

sharing

Examples John Luff

- user participation - BBC Health - Organised Wisdom (wiki) - PatientsLikeMe (also gather stats) - BrainTalk (1993) - The Health Care Blog - Second Life – ‘A second life on second life’ – ‘Heron Sanctuary’ – MS - HealthVault - Google Health

1000 people, 200 returned

ensuring that the technologies protect patients/participants/clinicians

ensuring information is secure against

non-disclosed interests

exploitiation

the authority of STS  to guide people through peer consensus in the actions taken with their health

How do people share and access health information in STS communities? How do they constitute trust, privacy and knowledge systems and how can we inform this process?

How can we guide people?

How can people be empowered through guidance

Challenges and opportunities

What do we do to get there?

Comments

GROUP 1: EFFECTING DIGITAL TRANSFORMATIONS

Cost of missed opportunity Funding timelines should be longer than 3-5 yrs Access various funding mechanisms Venture capital in uk absent Charity funding – lottery Sustainability of funding model How does model permit alteration of research design? Manage as portfolio of products Project management team Academic inertia: Pressures in academia – how innovate with career paths (corporate swap with scientist) Institutional inertia: estab process for successful diffusion Link practice back to research Need ‘sand pit’ / action field to try in different labs Project funding portal needed Need to be bigger risk takers in research How export findings globally? Enough time for reflection?

GROUP 4: EFFECTING CHANGE IN BEHAVIOUR AND CULTURES

Too much info, not good Once try to provide info, what are consequences to doctor-patient relationship? Consequences to service provision Patient becomes an expert – what new demands? Fundamentally transform conventional relationship Consequences of having knowledge Change in citizenship How preserve idea that only clinicians are experts/gatekeepers

Questions & Answers What about people with diminished responsibility?

GROUP 2: SUPPORTING INDIVIDUALS & COMMUNITIES OF PRACTICE

Renegotiate meanings

GROUP 3: OWNERSHIP OF INFORMATION

Definitions Control over access Indiv control over info Gift relationship If more control over info, more willingness to share info Linking with banks How authenticate? Bebo, facebook, myspace not authenticated -    sts too trivial, not critical to you as an indiv

GROUP 5: TRUST, KNOWLEDGE, PRIVACY

GROUP 6:

Concern about wiring well people to technology Structured information Pilot projects – quickly expedited Standards Constantly horizon scanning rather than prescribing problem Do not let technology drive agenda Acceptability, reliability, usability Near-to-the-user research Design with not for users Quick prototyping

Questions & Answers Sharing of information

Human Enhancement

Human EnhancementBrussels, May 2008.

Human Enhancement    1 Ethiques et conduits dopantes    1 Patrick Laure, Universite Paris XI-Orsay    1

Ethiques et conduits dopantes Patrick Laure, Universite Paris XI-Orsay

Sense des couduites dopantes

Durkheim ‘le suicide’

Intentions of anti-doping:

Maintain health Guarantee ethics of sport Le corps rationnel du sport de haut niveau: ambivalences du depassment de soi Isabelle Queval

Alex Mauron

Thomas Beatie

Tracy Lagondino

Get the Nature reference from Alex

Genetic Enhancement: ethical questions Claudio Tamburrini

Distinctions between therapy -

enhancements

somatic vs germ line

tyranny of the normal

disabled

consider how people want to recreat themselves

should state decide?

Objection from open future

Offspring could claim to have been harmed by not being enhanced

Dna mapping -    recent research (REQUEST REF – DANISH STUDY) -    big daily variations -    so no point mapping -    other substances might activate epo receptor -    cannot test for all possible others -    epo increases red cells mass, but decreases blood plasma, so overall mass unchanged, so no blod clots

postponing motherhood good for society

ME: feminist criticism is that women must change. Why not male pregnancy?

Gene doping plan might collide with genetic technology

People, Place, Enterprise: A conference on the Olympic Legacy (2008, May, University of Greenwich)

People, Place, Enterprise:A conference on the Olympic Legacy Uni of Greenwich, May 2008.

People, Place, Enterprise:  A conference on the Olympic Legacy    1 Welcome    1 Professor Les Johnson, Head of the Business School, University of Greenwich    1 Opening address    1 Baroness Blackstone, Vice Chancellor of the University of Greenwich    1 Keynote: Dr Kerry Brown, Associate fellow of the Asia Programme, Royal Institute of International affairs (Chatham House) –     The impact of Beijing 2008 on China’s international image    2 10.55:     Keynote: Professor John Gold, Oxford Brookes University and Maggie Gold, London Metropolitan University  Olympic Cities – A historical perspective    3 11:10     Keynote:    3 The further and higher education legacy of the 2012 games    3 Kate Potter, Head of Unit, PODIUM    3 Panel question and answer session    4 Legacies of Torino 2006 for the Olympic Movement    4 Peirvincenzo Bondonio and Alfredo Mela    4 Lessons to be learned from 2006 Winter Olympic Games in Torino: how to monitor public opinion    4 Chito Guala    4 The Big Owe: Politics and the fincancica management of the montreal 1976 Olympic Games    5 Peter Viachos, Uni. Greenwich    5 Expectations of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games    6 Pedro Moreira, Inst. Tourism Studs, Macau SR, PR China    6

Thursday 8th May 2008 Time    Session    Title 9.30 – 10.15:    Registration and coffee 10.15: Welcome Professor Les Johnson, Head of the Business School, University of Greenwich 10:30: Opening address Baroness Blackstone, Vice Chancellor of the University of Greenwich CO-Chair PODIUM

10:40:

Keynote: Dr Kerry Brown, Associate fellow of the Asia Programme, Royal Institute of International affairs (Chatham House) –     The impact of Beijing 2008 on China’s international image

Gloomy experience working with china Modernize with western models Peoples rep founded in 1949, first Games in 1984 1993 – bid for Sydney only non-democracy in top 10 countries in world economic model -    infrastructure in Mao’s period -    life expectancy in 1949 45, in Mao’s period 65.

$3.2b economy biggest trading economy world’s third largest economy

not a knowl economy

in 2006, 88% of china’s high tech exports made by others

25% of pollution in California, traced to China Shanghai water supply falling dramatically

WWF 2007 – if china lived at west standards, then in terms of energy and resource, whole of world’s resources would be used up in 2032

Beijing is depleted environment

Energy

James King ‘china is energy hungry country’

70% of energy from coal transport infrastructure for this poor and from small mines

6% from Sudan

Beijing does not have infrastructure to deliver green games -    not adequate water or transport -

Nobel Prize Fever – campaign to get prize in china

Dalai lama won peace prize

£20b infrastructure for Olympics

10.55:     Keynote: Professor John Gold, Oxford Brookes University and Maggie Gold, London Metropolitan University     Olympic Cities – A historical perspective

rome 1960 -    first city to incorporate into strategic plan

turin and Vancouver promised longer cultural festival

by 1990s, more explicit use of word legacy

tangible and intangible

future of legacy has it run its course?

Global impact study

Oggi

Conclusion

-    ethical v pragmatic -    local – national – international -    tangible – intangible -    talking about legacy – managing legacy

11:10     Keynote:

The further and higher education legacy of the 2012 games Kate Potter, Head of Unit, PODIUM

Gareth Smith, Deputy Director PODIUM

London Higher – vision Now HEFCE/LSC Next, bus plan for opportunities

65% of Team GB in Athens were from HE Sector

11.25 Panel question and answer session

Gillian Ridgley, British Library: what is importance of conserving legacy?

11.45    Refreshments 12.00    Presentation sessions A choice from: Learning from experience or Education and skills

Legacies of Torino 2006 for the Olympic Movement Peirvincenzo Bondonio and Alfredo Mela

Met in Torino for conference

Lessons to be learned from 2006 Winter Olympic Games in Torino: how to monitor public opinion Chito Guala (with Edigio Ansero)

survey on public opinion

methods/tools

surveys and polls

referendum

other research - economic - urban regen - comm. Media image - international represn of city - urban planning and enviro - rebuild local identity - improv social capital

unexpected cultural change in torino

unexpected optimism for the future – from people in torino

62% went to ‘white nights’ – notte bianco during the games

The Big Owe: Politics and the fincancica management of the montreal 1976 Olympic Games Peter Viachos, Uni. Greenwich

Montreal Olympics logo cf kris krug Vancouver protest logo

Republic of china name not permitted for Taiwan during this games IOC did not recog People’s Republic of China until late 1976 - so some political protest

focus today on local politics

‘The Big Woe’ – clip online from CBC - Olympic stadium plan – music from 2001: space odyssey – futuristic plans

English speaking Montrealers called stadium ‘The Big O’ but due to financial crisis, which plagued city for 3 decades, called it the ‘Big Woe’ or better yet ‘Big Owe’

Likened big O to a toilet bowl – flushing money down it

Cost

Estimated CAD 310m, final cost CAD 2b, Stadium was overrun (est CAD140m, final CAD1.5b) Deificit financed by lottery and taxes (tobacco)

ME: was there ever a turning point for how politicians spoke about these figures? Ie.

Who was responsible for this?

My theoretical background – Weber – charismatic leadership – patriarchical feudalism

Duncan Black – public choice model – indiv politial actors -    self interested

Jean Drapeau – Mayor of Montreal -    from 1954 to 1957 -    1960-1986 -    quiet revolution, modernization -    brought trade unions forward -    one of main architects of Expo 67 -    new metro in montreal -    stood up to terrorists FLQ -    father was insurance broker, mother retired opera singer -    how sell to separatists? o    Told that any opposition was an Anglo-Phone plot o    told English speakers that if don’t back Olympics, separatists will split -    cross between Walt Disney and Al Capone -    quoted ‘at time…thought Olympics could lose money, as much as a man can have a baby’ -    had not prepared a financial presentation, rested on oratory. -    Vision not about money, but working together and IOC believed him.

Rober Taillibert – Architect -    estimated London as £15b -    no open tender for buildings -    French -    Considered himself a master builder – poetry with cement -    Aesthetics and vision over practicality

Check CBC Olympic archives

Who will pay? -    Atkinson (2008) – Urban Studies journal – average London resident willing to pay £22 per year for next XX years

Robert Bourassa – Premier of Quebec -    stepped in -    Fed gov not underwrite Olympics

Pierr Trudeau – Prime Minister -    why didn’t he assist -    he had his own problems -    minority gov from 1970-2 -    inflation sky rocketing -    stamps, coins and lottery solution

other player was COJO – OCOG -    It developed a surplus, of CAD223m

Expectations of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games Pedro Moreira, Inst. Tourism Studs, Macau SR, PR China

China international Tourism Arrivals 1990-2004 WTO Substantial increase

13.30    Buffet lunch for delegates 14:30    Keynote:  Mike Weed, Professor of Sport in Society, Canterbury Christchurch University    Olympic tourism 14:50    Keynote: Dr Andy Miah, University of the West of Scotland     New Media Legacies for the 2012 Olympic & Paralympic Games

15:10    Refreshments 15:30    Choice from: Workshop: Tour East London Or: Workshop: World Heritage site education committee Will there be a sustainable tourism legacy from London 2012?

Olympic learning partnerships 16:45    Closing note 18:00-21:00    Evening reception, including food drinks and music

Friday 9th May 2008

Time    Session    Title 09:15 – 10:15    Registration 10:30    Welcome 10:40    Keynote:

The Olympic legacy for Greenwich Cllr Chris Roberts, Leader of Greenwich Council

Millennium Dome -    focus on legacy -    do not get distracted -    ignore the media

Legacy -    300 acres of polluted land decontaminated -    2 primar school -    world’s most successful music venue in less than one year yacht club

For Olympics -    Ignore the Games!

Bidding legacy -    eg. Manchester metro on back of Olympic bids

Legacy – 17 key tasks

Regeneration games Prof. Graeme Evans, London Metropolitan University

10:55    Keynote: Dr Beatriz Garcia, Liverpool University    The cultural legacy of the Olympics: the symbolic dimension of the games as a basis for long term sustinability 11:10    Keynote:

Rethinking the Cultural Olympiad Alex Homfray, consultant and coordinator of the London Cultural Consortium

11:25    Panel question and answer session 11:45    Refreshments 12:25    Presentation session

Looking forward to 2012

13:45    Buffet lunch for delegates 14:45    Keynote: Janet Trench, Investment Manager for East London, The Housing Corporation     The sustainable housing and community legacy of 2012 15:00    Keynote: Melanie Smith, Corvinus University, Budapest    Caught between two flagships: developing a more people-centred approach to cultural regeneration 15:15    Showing of ‘The Games’ dir. Hilary Powell    Including an introduction by the director 15:40    Panel question and answer session 16:00    Conference close

Presentation sessions Thursday 8th May

Learning from experience

Piervincenzo Bondonio and Alfredo Mela, University of Turin – Legacies of Torino 2006 for the Olympic movement

Chito Guala, University of Torino, Italy – Lesson to be learnt from the 2006 Winter Olympic Games in Torino

Peter Vlachos, University of Greenwich – The Big Owe:  Politics and the financial management of the Montreal 1976 Olympic Games

Pedro Moreira, Institute for Tourism Studies, Macau SAR, PR China – Expectations of the Beijing 2008 Olympic games

Education and skills

Dr Paul Donward (Loughborough University), Dr Geoff Nichols (Sheffield University), Rita Ralston (Manchester Metropolitan University) & Dr John Schulz (University of Southampton) – Developing the volunteering legacy of the Olympics

Charles Bladen, University of Greenwich - Satisfying the Future Volunteer Demands of the UK Events Industry: Fostering Olympic Volunteer Egoism to Develop a Legacy of Repeat Volunteering

The Creative Way – life long learning , the creative industries and 2012

Presentation session Friday 9th May

Looking forward

Dr Ian Brittain, University of Bedfordshire – The London 2012 Paralympic games

Nikki MacLeod and James Kennell, University of Greenwich – Assessing the impacts of the Cultural Olympiad

Petros Ieromonachou, (University of Greenwich), Stephen Potter (Open University) and James Warren (Open University) – The ground transport legacy of the London Olympics

Patrick McGurk and Eva E. Tsahuridu, University of Greenwich – London 2012: Lives transformed?

Tony Harcup, Alternative Media and Democracy (2008, April 30, Strathclyde University)

Tony HarcupAlternative Media & Democracy Strathclyde University, Michael Higgins, seminar. Sheffield University 2008, April 30

Journalism: Principles and Practices

The Ethical Journalist

‘What is News?’ – more used article in Journalism Studies

would democracy be dead wout alternative media?

t.harcup@sheffield.ac.uk

base on views of people working in alternative media

started working on an alternative newspaper

mid 1970s – dropped out of uni – to alt newspaper in leeds - opportunity to get paid for this work  -

moved into mainstream journalism

then to uni

Christ atton – pioneered work ‘alternative media’

Alternative media plays key role in providing form of democratic comm.

Definition of alternative media (Coyer 2007) -    ‘participatory’ o    goes beyond UGC

goes beyond that which sees itself as oppositional

but voice of alienated

limits? -    graffiti as alt media

my focus on journalistic type of alt media

sample of 22 journos, over 40 types of mainstream media -    each moved from alt to mainstream

open definition

morning star, spare rib, outright, inc, oz, -

publications of campaign – eg troops out,

non-aligned left wing: red pepper, the leveller

also websites, cable tv stations and fanzines

football fanzine – oppositional voice

asked how define?

Answers: -    trad of publications -    never even thought of – small scale, personal interest, desire to share a point of view, minimal commercial aspiration -    used to be what isn’t in WH Smith, but now collapsed due to internet, difference between taking advertising or not -    any pubn different from mainstream views of soc, shaped by opinion leaders -    different from dominant -    different angle, not sexy -    collective  endeavour o    working in alt way -    challenge norms -    seeks to subvert -    ownership – imp to get info out, not to get paid for it -    serve fringe political or enviro int groups -    similar ideas to academics, though not informed by -    stance of outsider, beyond usual political discourse o    can it include right wing, religious? •    some say it is left •    leaning by definition -    some start as alt, eg. Time Out or New Statesman o    listings invented by alt press

challenge status quo

what’s it all for?

Role of alt media? -    democracy dead wout them -    freedom to act irresponsibly is imp -    not bound by commercial pressures

eg. campaign for abolition of slavery. Where did this emerge? -    Sheffield Register, 1787

Colonel B – give evidence to prosecute journos -    The Leveller published this, defy Official Secrets Act; plays a democratic role

Spare Rib, fem mag – contraception, weight, -  a lot now mainstream, but dismissed as wacky at the time

Tony Benn – how ideas change

Alt Public sphere

‘service to a community that would never be financially viable’

Dennis McQuail ‘democratic participant media’ – ‘looks after t needs of citizens’

Intro of citizens – different relationship – people addresses as citz not consumers

Being allowed to participate

a) Express oppositions vertically – speak truth to power -    hold people in power to account

b) build support laterally

vertical and lateral purposes involved

John Downing -    not just opposing mainstream -    not binary -    but hybrids

Clemencia Rodriquez -    not happy that completely different -    she uses ‘citizens media’ -    not just non-mainstream, but active citizenship -    transformative processs -    ‘articulates metaphoric transformation …into active citizens’ -    ‘concept accounts for processes of empowerment that result when ….reclaim own media’ -    ‘exercise own agency’ -    process of empowerment

if so, could be called citizen journalism -    but been hijacked by something else: user generated content

blogging - some recognized as journalism, some not

mere fact that someone is writing something and publishing does not make it journalism -    ME: what does?

But alt media does -    about empowering and engaging citz

Paul Manning ‘news and news sources’ -    health of public sphere depends on success of diverse groups getting views across in mainstream media -    least powerful groups face structural obstacles -    importance of alternative benchmarks o    wout how can we scrutinize mainstream?

regional news – focus on danger of social life

Questions & Answers

Jen, Gla: -    US idea of ‘public journalism’ vs ‘citz journ’ o    Public agendas: volunteering, debate, etc -    Local papers – ‘we’re voice of XXXX’

Tony -    evening papers have sense of readers, rather than serving civic function -    not conflict with commercial interest -    damp council houses – we’d run the story, but local papers would not because it’s depressing -    local papers had clearly defined institutional sources, we didn’t

Phil: alternative vs activist?

Michael: trust – novelty not alternative media -    does diversification of alternative media limit capability to establish trust

Tony: where do people go online for news? Overwhelmingly BBC, guardian, times, etc -    why? Trust o    ME: presumption of covering general news – ie. It has a network of journalists and a filter process for this -    Bigger danger for alternative media is just to be heard at all -

Indymedia and indymedia-watch.

Can alternative media journos be more ethical?

Tony: yes, but can be irresponsible.

Questions

ME: are citizen journalists alternative media?

ME: different demographic of alt media – is it sole/main job?

ME: how qualify whether does challenge status quo?

ME: how does alt media vary across world? Is it culturally specific? Going to jail not equally as attractive outside uk

ME: difference between a rag that is oppositional to a particular brand as opposed to a set of political ideas?

ME: Whose mainstream are we alternative to?

ME: who’s doing hijacking of citz journ?

ME: could you envisage a portal to alternative media?

ME: Is alternative media visible in non-democratic states?

Future of the Mind

The Future of the Mind FACT, April 23, 2008.

AL and AL -    celebrity closes down space between people, -    reduction of icons -    less able to find stronger eccentric identities

can we know what is real?

Finish year with broadcast of debates – BBC Radio 3

Ernest Edmonds here in June

Margaret Boden

Cannot expect to answer what is future of mind

Why did Ernest ask me to get involved?

I suppose because…I think about the mind in terms of concepts that relate to computer systems. We’ve learned a lot in last 50 years

Difference between mind and body?

Consciousness?

Self? -    under threat from posmodernist, humanities people and cognitive scientists, sherry turkle, -    individuality : prized in some cultures, to what extent can new technologies help express and reinforce individuality or smear it? -    Same icons -    Net art -    Myspace -    So-called communities, but is this a real community? Robin Dunbar – primatologist – formerly in Liverpool – primates have limits on group size for levels of intensity, there for evolutionary reasons.if so, what about so-called communities of 100s.

ME: Milan Kundera – immortality – gesture of agnes

Mike Wheeler -

Laura -    open source conferencing -    set 10 questions to answer

Helen Sloane, curator -    Data Golum – adaptive – piece of code tht will be taken around partner venues o    Working with an AI scientist who wants to polish, but artists like the flaws -    Chamelon – Tina Gonsalez – HCI Ross Piccard – simulate group interaction -    Hive mind – simulation Promised Lands – flomotion – what does promised land mean to users?

David Ingram –John Moores -    HCI – to develop better computer systems that are more effective -    Moving  computers to whole body interaction -    HCI conference -    ‘How the body  shapes  t way we think’

Mike Wheeler- philosopher, nature of mind -    working on a book that deals with visions of minds that have influenced -    distributed/embedded cognition -    I’m interested in what these different things say -    Gestures as part of thought processes – bodily movements as thinking -    Thinking takes place around brain, body and world -    Is it true that if a bunch of us are using same computer system, are minds overlapping? -    AHRC Interactive Mind project –

Simon Blackmore, artist, sculpture and sound -    explore physical structure of technological space -    trees, mathematical algorithms to generate trees

Marta Ruperez – new media curator at FACT -    utopia -    free internet idea not strong

Ross Dalziel, sound music curator, fact -    remote mics around UK to create neural net -    run Sound Network – artist based network

Fragmented Orchestra

Patrick Fox -    Tenantspin fact’s community programme -    Interested in web 2.0 philosophies -    Questions about reality

Julia Youngmann

DISCUSSION

Language

MB: what is creativity? 3 answers. Distinc between computer art and generative art. Computer art as art where computer is used. Eg. using photoshop. Generative art: processes produce final thing are not under control of artist – these latter raise interesting philosophical issues – authenticity, creativity.

HS: individuality – signature of individual

MB: methods of writing in science and art differ – science – supposed to be third person, so not ‘I did’ but ‘it was done’

MW: idiosyncratic – generative technology – if adaptive over time synchs with artists work, beginning to lose technology – add something extra to art – eg. Amazon adsense capability –

RD: writing as technology

MB: doug hofstader – Godel, Escher, Bach – virtual reality and fiction

GROUP DISCUSSIONS

Virtual reality and fiction

MB: Virtual Reality and Self-Fictions: Are these the same?

HS: Adaptive systems

MB: anything that learns – chequers programme from 1950s – it was adapting to player

MB: creativity joke generating programme -

GROUP ONE

Laura Sillars, Mike Kelley, David England, Marta Rupérez, Ross Dalziel

Frame and articulate a question; the direction of their thinking

What are the implications of technology increasingly integrated and embedded; toward the self in relation to culture and the world ...a series of question...

Fragility of technology

Shifting patterns of effectiveness

Control/autonomy

How much

The unconscious itself Mind as consciousness? Technology is the unconscious

Collective ness

danger of increasing the offloading of responsibility

How you think of yourself in relation to technology 2 approaches A customised gadget that knows everything is just naturally used: confident in it

Like a map being overtaken by tom tom

Reflection

Its seamlessly integrated;and also there's self regulation;

DISTRIBUTING RESPONSIBILITY:GROUP MIND

Glitches in technology/Mis & Dis-information/Is it new?

Shared in some deep sense and you can rely on the technology...

Homogenisation

Increase

Is the future of the mind based on the self or on wider communities...

Worries around loss/dissolving of the self

Tesco Clubcard Of the Mind Individual experience Is it the tools

view of the world about the self...

Cognitive Science Artificial Intelligence Artificial Resistance

The role of the individual in network art?

Is there a future for the individual mind?

Is the future of the mind collective?

LS: collective or distributed – individual agency within something

MB: Ed Hutchins – how things work on a ship – lots of people on a ship – from anthropology – entered cognitive science

MB: collective/distributed intelligence and the individual artist.

Collective production and individual status? Can they co-exist?

MB: Roy Ascot – interactive art

Collective Products and Network Art: where is the individual?

Responsibility

Does increasing embeddedness in contemporary technology raise dangers of…..?

LS: How do you have a meaningful conversation, construct space to have conversation?

MB: start with questions that are specific but open up broad issues? Their sounding specific enables access.

LS: How do you deal with collective responsibility? Man at war.

MB: distance and responsibility – How can responsibility take place at a distance? (ME: less remote)

MW: how certain technologies disrupt indiv responsibility. Allowing the technology to make decisions for you.

MB: David Levy – computer chess – love and sex with robots – love with robots not possible – new book:

ME: link to Zizek

MB: Could you love a robot?

MW: or, emotions – whether not interacting with someone over a piece of technology – genuine feelings – people might argue could never be genuine love.   Communities and internet – niche communities – liberating – also ghettoizes –

MB: something on computer companions – something on robots – bk: EMW Fisher – ‘Personal Love’ – philosophical analysis of love

HS: déjà vu – some of the questions have been asked many times before –

Caja Thimm, From Web 1.0 to Web 2.0 (2008, April, University of Liverpool)

From Web 1.0 to Web 2.0 CajaThimm, Uni of Bonn

What is Web 2.0? -    user driven web -    less about technology -    no technological barrier – thing of the past -    web 3.0 prospect

New services -    advertising -    1.1

ME: how much of online advertising is web 2.0 platforms?

Wikis -    we restrict use of wikipedia as citations

ME: why restrict wikipedia citations?

Blog

Videocasts and podcasts

RSS – not used a lot

Does Gordon Brown have a videoblog?

ME: WebCameron, but problem is not, how do you know that the communication mode is not politically laden? Is this really intimacy or something much more staged?

‘self marketing’

participation – citizen journalists

never know how well researched, but do have professional control teams

Social websites and communities Virtual worlds – second life

Media literacy is a social competence -    ME: expand

SL is not a game, but virtual society

‘avatars are’ internet ‘users’ representation of himself’

rape in SL -    ME: Different from the rape in LambdaMOO?

Neal Stephenson – ‘snow crash’

‘when you click on the website in second life’ -    ME: but you don’t do this, it’s not a website, but a downloaded software

Preference to type, rather than voice in SL

Very global

Virtual self – virtual as compensation for real life

Pornography – went to a bar, not very populated - ME: what time of day did (s)he go?

Barak Obama does have an avatar. Hilary Clinton does not have an avatar.

G8 protests in SL

Free Burma in SL

The future

Questions

ME: why restrict wikipedia citations? What would wikipedia need to do, in order for it to gain the sort of legitimacy you seem to require ofit?

ME: what do we know about the demographics of web 2.0 users compared to Web 1.0

ME: what was your uni policy on citing wkipedia? What’s the objection, because you seem to celebrate the capacity of web 2.0 in most of what you say.

ME: how much of online advertising is web 2.0 platforms?

ME: WebCameron, but problem is not, how do you know that the communication mode is not politically laden? Is this really intimacy or something much more staged?

ME: expand on social competence.

ME: cannot write of technological limitations, since bandwidth and processor speed really limit use of SL.

Olympic Legacies (2008, March, Oxford university)

Olympic LegaciesOxford, March 29, 2008.

Olympic Legacies    1 Oxford, March 29, 2008.    1 Tony Mangan    1 ‘Legacy’ and the Dilemma of the Olympic Movement    2 John MacAloon    2 Discussant    5 Brian Stoddart    5 The Ideological Legacies of the Olympics Games    6 Bruce Kidd    6 Amsterdam 1928 - Amsterdam 2028: On past and future legacies    9 Hans M. Westerbeek (La Trobe Uni)    9 Olympic Environmenal Concerns as a Legacy of the Winter Games    10 Jean-Loup Chappelet    10 Olympic Legacies: Overview    12 The Legacy of Olympic Games’ Films:  The Case of Melbourne 1956    12 John Hughson (University of Central Lancashire)    12 Branding and Consumption in the IOC’s ‘Celebrate Humanity’ Advertisements: Hidden Messages    13 Joseph Maguire (Loughborough University)    13 The Olympic Legacy of Los Angeles    16 Mark Dyreson and Matthew Llewellyn (Penn State University)    16 The legacy of the 1964 Tokyo Olympiad    18 Dolores (Lola) Martinez (School of Oriental and African Studies)    18 The Seoul Olympics:  Economic Miracle Meets the World    21 Brian Bridges (Lingnan University, Hong Kong)    21

Tony Mangan Formerly at Oxford IJHS Thanks Boria Majumdar (La Trobe University) for putting together conference Beijing forum 2006 – Peking University – legacies

Second conference is SOAS meet in September Berkeley connection – Centre for Educational Studies

Thanks David Washbrook at St Anthony’s.

The Growth of Academic Research in Sport Studies Jonathan Manley

Development of research in this area

T&F publish 70,000 peer-reviewed articles per annum, Elsevier publish 160,000

Number of scholarly sports journals has grown by 43% in the last 10 years

Source: Ulrich’s Periodicals Database

Top journals -    Journal of Sports Science -    EJSS -    Sport Biomechanics -    J of App Sport Psych

Soc Sci -    IJHS -    SES -    SiS -    ESMQ

Journal Citation Repors Science / Social Sciences Citaion Index

Growth Areas -    development and policy, -    business nd economics -    qual res -    ex and public health -    coaching and talent id -    asian sport -    women and sport -    gaming

Leisure -    torism -    leisure policy -    heritage and conservation

‘Legacy’ and the Dilemma of the Olympic Movement John MacAloon

Ask John for paper

Discourse of legacy

‘managerial magical discourse’

part of a new transformation in Olympic movement

transformed out of ‘brand’ discourse limits of brand discourse second revolution for Rogge as opposed to commercial revolution of Samaranch

legacy is language of Rogge revolution

concerned with production of managerial rationality

new technical manual of legacy is being produced by IOC that will form part of contract for host cities

Chicago 2016

I now know that there are hoards of dedicated consultants in wide variety of sport services that move from Olympics to Olympics, OCOG to OCOG, selling services.

Striking and worrisome to IOC

Legacy is their buzzword

‘Legacy Lives’ – really trade conferences for consultants

‘Legacy Management Expert’

flow of labour, beginning with Calgary and broadcasting

magical properties -    compare French and English languages -    in French – heritage more freqly used (Gilbert and Christoph Dubi), subtle difference -    a lot of consultant world is Anglophonic –

superficially terms seem similar, but are v different

in French, le leg – not used in francophone context heritage has greater semantic stress – invoking the past

Olympic – sport in service of ideological agenda

So, how does an event add to or subtract from historic and symbolic capital

Legacy – legal connotations in English – what is present going to give to the future

Why imp? – legacy discorse means of setting aside people with historical knowl of Olympic movement

Vancouver – ‘legacy now’ programme

What you get first is ‘social capital’

People who typically don’t talk to one another are.

Also more pernicious aspects

Legacy is being created now for Beijing

Geopolitical legacy is enormous

Also highly contested

Hard and soft legacy

Gendered terms

1896 Games – soft legacy stadium, hard was greek going to war

current developing sitn is without precedent

journalists talking about Tibet and Darfur protests relate to 1932 or 1936

or how compare with 1980 or 1984

east asian context – how compare with 1988

I submit that it doesn’t compare

Many issues

All Olympic Games have faced these questions

The whole point is that it requires a total mobilization that will shine a light on conflicts, which is part of what intercultural education

The Beijing Games have already started

Minor but dramatic interrption to the ceremony

ME: which ceremony? The media ceremony

IOC not keen on international torch relay

The route of the torch determined by getting the most votes – cities in China that would never get the Games, but get the flame

ME: how can we follow the torch outside of key media events?

Stakeholders gain opportunity

There will be demonstrations in many cities along the route

Combined international team of BOCOG and best practices partner has not developed in the way it should have. Not been advanced work..

San Francisco

Olympic Flame only been attacked physically once – Torino 2006 – concern about globalization, local devel projects

More light hearted attempts to put it out are common

What do we think about these circumstances?

Intercultural education as festivals of food etc, is not intercultural education

View that Chinese saved Tibet is a view that is sincerely held

For leadership of Chinese Olympic Movement, this is sincerely held

So when outsiders attest to Tibet’s plight, how can it not provoke a splitism

For persons in china who might not understand sensitivity

Legacy not just what’s left after august 25th.

Discussant Brian Stoddart

My first IOC meeting Discourse began ‘Dear Colleagues’ IOC claims more than is capable of delivering Great discourse about intercultural education, but internal evidence about IOC and how filters to NOCS and ISFs seems to be left wanting – more about intercultural dispute

Lang not only about reference

Where does IOC see itself in world global order I think it sees itself at the centre, but should be elsewhere

Culture of disbelief First, we are a peace movement – this requires scrutiny Its claim that Olympic symbols are most potent peace symbols not clear at all That it leaves more than sport also questionable Third, if movement is so intercultural, how is it that is so Eurocentric in structure?

Inherited cultural capital also contestable Created another mirage

IOC sees itself at centre rather than XX

ME: what is the route towards accessing how the IOC sees its role? It’s claimed that it is not a sport organization

Questions & Answers

John: getting back stage is the crucial thing. IOC is on a day to day contact with geopolitical organizations not clear in prior government, but today is more humble.

ME: how is relationship with UN changed or the same under Rogge? -    pulled back from too extensive -    absence of Fekrou Kidane has le to some withdrawal -    Jean Loup Chappelet : in each PR from IOC they state they are not an NGO

Joe Maguire: john, are you overstating the shift? Universals and particulars. They want both.

John: it’s an ambiguity. To point out a conflict is not necessarily a negative situation. how deal with the ambiguity for public consumption?

1984 – nearly bloodshed in Olympia – Russians vs us – President of Greece vowing to throw himself between the two if the groups charged each other

in Greece, 70% of torch bearers were sponsor selected – targeted for business purposes

this is why they want the international relay

Bruce: given vulnerability of torch until it reaches China given fact that IOC has not been in regular contact of UN cannot take adv of diplomatic XX such as Truce, and given growing nationaism within china, - hope that Dalai Lama to assist in reducing conflict – what advice to resolve this v explosive crisis. Are others making efforts to intervene? Normal diplomacy takes time and we don’t have that

John: Sarkozy. Boria – what is happening in India? V ad hoc feeling.

Boria: 18 April, gov of Delhi called meeting with IOC people . might hurt India’s bid for 2020 Games.

The Ideological Legacies of the Olympics Games Bruce Kidd

Canadian Politics of Olympic Legacy

Critical support of the Olympic movement I’ve angered enough of the Olympic people and academics to think I’ve got the balance right

In the last 40 years, overarching defn of legacy q has been city building, economic develop and material benefits

Concern is that stated aspirations of Olympicsm have been left to rhetoric and chance.

Recommend that IOC require bid cities to demonstrate active contribution to democratization of ….

Talk built around 5 games

Tokyo 1964 I was a competitor here and they changed my life Personal tour to Hiroshima where people came to be as an obvious Canadian athlete and said ‘no more hiroshima’ – Olympic movement not simply as a high performance sport event, but a project of peace

In Tibet, expectations of OM to make some contribution

Tremendous complement and foolish to disregard power of the expectation, even if not in line with Rogge reign

Expect to make a contribution to peace project

Also learned from Tokyo that a good Games much more than sport and interpersonal exchange

Ambigtious urban intevetion

Transformed world’s most popular city into modern functioning city

Tokyo was most significant investment of any Games

We received hi tech gadgets, but retruned home to unwelcome Customs as we were taking Japanese products

Olympic legacy required modification of views because of certain events

1968

large demonstration of students mowed down by Mesican army and police because of protest against over-investment in Olympics when other social inequities

from then had to take social justice issue into our social understanding

also time of social movements, civil liberties

sport and society – sport not neutral, but as socially and politically constructed

had to take responsibility for this

social justice and democratic decision making

concerns deepened as I became involved in Montreal Games taking on OCOG to do more and defending against organized left

Games developed through unilateral decisions in mayor’s office

Poverty activists, gays and lesbians

Awareness of environmental destruction

Think about idea of Olympic legacy cold be democratically and socially justly developed

That was third episode

More foreful in

1996 Toronto Bid

faced group ‘Bread not Circuses’  project

targets on housing, gender equity, etc

in 2008 anticipated same campaign by ndertaking social consultation process

made us part of Olympic bid

targets for housing, youth employment, etc

ME: are these now necessary but not sufficient commitments or neither necessary?

All based on legacy as urban enhancment

Not ‘soft legacy’ as john described

Over t 40yrs overarching definition of legacy remained democratic urban legacy All else left to chance or marginalized

In some Games became impossible to insert even a minimal soft legacy

In 2008 bid, overarching purpose was waterfront devel and technological

Few sport legacies

Soft legacies lacking

Frustrating was that IOC helped little

Nothing about sport or cultural festival

Must focus on soft legacy

ME: Can soft legacies take place in a programmed manner? Eg. Sydney 4 media centres!

UN taking seriously world crisis in physical inactivity

Can make as legacy for Olympic city to improve state school PE

Sustaining legacies from games to games and after

Linking to sport development as in London 2012 with Seb Coe’s declaration from Singapore

Trustee model

John mentioned evidence based best practice

Need to reignite efforts to embrace educational project

Do it in evidence based way

ME: how can this be done from universities?

Amsterdam 1928 - Amsterdam 2028: On past and future legacies Hans M. Westerbeek (La Trobe Uni)

Should change title to ‘city heritage towards legacy intent’

Utrecht founded some 7-800 yrs before Amsterdam

United East Indies Company -    sea port into east of Europe

Amsterdam today will never be able to position itself as euro city of threat (?)

1928 Olympic bid - industralization, identity crisis, fragmented sport participation, major stadium, means to support stadium construction

ME: I can understand why legacy is relevant to communities, but why should the international consumers care?

Only if can connected local to IOC then have an opportunity to be successful

Also must be successful if you don’t win the games

If overlook local, then diminish chance of winning

Olympic Environmenal Concerns as a Legacy of the Winter Games Jean-Loup Chappelet Swiss Grad School of Public Administration

Environmental concerns are a legacy

Date back to 1990s, worldwide support in Earth Summit in Rio 1992 IOC Centenar Congress, declared as third pillar of olympism 1999 IOC adopted Agenda 21 of Olympic Movement an started to require that Olympic Games be org with concern for enviro issues and promote sustainable

how did these concerns arise?

Not only sign of times, but also positive legacy of winter more than summer games

Concept of legacy

In 2001, IOC took word legacy and found phrase ‘A Beijing Games would lave a unique legacy to China and sport’ – before decision to award to Beijing

First 40 yrs

Chamonix 1924 St Moritz 1928 Lake Placid 1932 – first to raise enviro concerns Assoc for t Protection of the Adirondacks forced organizers to relocate t bobsleigh run Winter ames location – between resorts and cities -    Garmish 938, St Moritz 1948, Cortina 1956, Sqaw Valley 1960 -    Oslo

Grenoble 1968: failure to take enviro issues into account -    now candidate for 2018

political ecology emerges in 1960s and 1970s, critics of Olympic gigantism

Sapporo 1972 – take seriously enviro -    short distances between venues -    rlocation of ski jump -    downhill run in national park replanted after games

Denver 1976 -    forced to give bak t gams following referendums initiated by an enviro group -    Citizens for Colorado Future

Innsbruck 1976 -    reused 1964 venues -    bob and luge combined run – usually an enviro prob, since a lot of XXX to be used

1972-1988 enviro not issue for summer games

Lake placid 1980 -    FederalEnvironmental Impact Statement -    Opposition to ski jumps, downhills and ice rink -    Village too small for Winter

Sarajevo 1984 and Calgary 1988 – less remarkable from enviro perspective

1990s- changed eth

Albertville 1992 – could not continue intensive devel of Savoie region

Barnier, an OCOG co-president with Killy, set enviro goals which were diffi to meet

Lillehammer 1994 became show case of Norwegian gov enviro policy (Bruntland PM)

‘white and green games’ (Samaranch)

first OCOG enviro coordinator appointed

sustainable devel emphasised

Nagano 1998 – location and recycling aware

Jean-loup.chappelet@IDHEAP.unil.ch

Bid Cities’ view -    sion places its 2 successive bids enviro concerns in Swiss canton known for lack of concern -    Sion 2002 proposed ‘balanced games’ signed ‘nature contract’ with enviro orgs and invents ‘Green Paper’ (1994) – appendix to bid files now required by IOC -    Sion 2006 continued, ‘social contract’ with unions and ‘rainbow paper’ (1998) for sustain devel -    Salt Lake and Torino implemented these ideas

IOC’s view

1991 – Samaranch attends Davos forum with Killy 1992 – IOC rep at Earth Summit 1992 – charter amended to support enviro 1994 – sport and enviro ‘centenary congress’ 1995 – ad hoc IOC commission org of conferences with UNEP every 2 yrs 1999 – Agenda 21 of Olympic Movement overshadowed by IOC crisis and never really applied

Future of enviro legacy

SLC2002, Torino 2006 and Vancouver 2010 have continued pioneering -    Vancouver ‘Legacies Now!’ concept

Sochi 2014 -    bob/luge run and olmpic village in Polyana planned in Caucasus State Biosphere – UNESCO world heritage site -    Greenpeace Russia filed complaint with Supreme Court -    Step backward?

Conclusion

- can be seen as a ploy to provide Olympismw new theme for 21st century to supplement peaceful co-existance wich served so well devel of Olympic Movement in 20th century

LUNCH

Olympic Legacies: Overview

The Legacy of Olympic Games’ Films: The Case of Melbourne 1956 John Hughson (University of Central Lancashire)

Authenticity How consider 1956 olympic film’s legacy as item of historical  record

Ian McDonald – sports historian – sport documentaries Categorization of films into a schema

T reworked 1956 film alters documentary status in terms outlined by McDonald Observational documentary – close to reality as possible

Remade more akin to expository documentary – narrator steer audience to understand visuals in a particular way Dvd released in 2000, blends contemporary commentator with original footage There are common elements – accent of two people Can watch this and believe it is original

Also serves as promo for 2000 games

Melbourne 1956 as ‘friendly games’ Cold war rivalry Australian hosts showed how can be enjoyed with no baggage except athletic gear

Title of DVD remained ‘The Friendly Games’ Concern that the remake becomes the official record of the 1956 Games

IOC concerned about how I discuss the dvd, asked to submit a copy to the IOC prior to publication. Also been asked to be careful with terminology – eg. ‘restored film’ – ‘I trust you are aware that the DVD … shot by ….2000 version not restored version, but a documentary compiled by’ -    this suggests that they are 2 items

I believe they are distinct

But concerned that the remake is a slight of hand, rides of back  of Whitchurch original

original 800 journalists

Branding and Consumption in the IOC’s ‘Celebrate Humanity’ Advertisements: Hidden Messages Joseph Maguire (Loughborough University)

Peter golding, sarah barnard, jenny butler

Critical realist

Myths of celebrate humanity beguiling, but realities compelling

Hidden messages

‘celebrate humanity or consumers?’

context media-sport nexus

circuits of promotion reshaping global sport repositioning of global sports industraila complex

Rogge emphasizes role of sponsors -    ‘print campaign’

ME: what was the target audience of this print campaign?

Celebrate humanity:

Sympathetic view: designed to promote Olympic values while adding to brand

Realist: necesar part o strategy to deflect criticism of Olympic Movement in 1990s

Critical: develop olympism as an international brand to be sold to corporate sponsors, t political and economic elite and wider consuming public

ME: from what theory of advertising does this critique emanate?

ME: I need more knowledge of what materials were developed for this campaign?

Realist/Critical perspective -    CH ex in brand equity enhancement

But critique is not of need to market

UN wih sport also does this

Not all doom and gloom

Potentiality of serving humanitarian purposes

But market research by IOC aim to work out how can compete and not promote humanitarian values necessarily

Methods -    documents, interviews, content analysis

findings from interrogation of surveys and market research -    Duped -    Faustian bargain -    Conspiracy -    Contested within IOC

Some find it distasteful

Glocalized brand strategy

IOC as a TNC

TNCs sort to grow by selling standard product across globe

Olympics as a globalizing arena

Universal message local appeal

Eg. celebrate humanity -    for 2004 campaign – ‘olympics experience touches all people and that Olympic ideals are universal…relects a universal truth about the Olympic spirit’ -    contains section on how to customize campaign. Replace global celebrity with local.

Melinda Mey – IOC marketing, formerly Coca Cola

Within campaign, key elements that need consideration

TNCs show that….global cultural ideals – give sense of beloning, unite people across world

Global myth evident in ‘hope’ ‘dreams’ inspiration

Olympic Games has capacity to inspire

Key proposition echo global myth dimension of global brand marketing

Second is ‘social responsibility’ that TNCs cultivate. Also visible in celebrate humanity – ‘fair play’

‘joy in effort’ – position to celebrate honour and human dignity – moral lessons for humanity

dark capital is side-stepped

conclusion

‘the best of us’ – campaign from ad agency changed from Saatchi and Saatchi, now focused on young audience along with Youth Games – decline of young audience

aim to create an audience profile.

The ‘youth focus’ and ‘celebrate humanity’ charcateriedby contribution between ideals of olympism and modern instantiation of commerce

The Olympic Legacy of Los Angeles Mark Dyreson and Matthew Llewellyn (Penn State University)

2 related propositions

no other Olympic city has made Olympics so central to identiy as LA

began bidding in 1915

never ending stream of bids

permanent org ‘Southern Californian Olympic Organization’ (SCOOG)

LA failed to keep a pro football team in the city

Legacy of stadium and collosseum

Olympics given LA its central landmarks

Few others rely on Olympic assets as iconic sites

LA 1932 set template for Berlin 1936 -    showcase of host

illustrated commercial viability of Olympics

but no Olympics would make it into the black until LA 1984

windsurfing at LA represented surge of extreme sports

since then, been added

snowboarding, short track, triathlon, beach volleyball – many rose in California

bmx in 2008

Disneyfication of globe

LA married Games to modern entertainment industry

Discussant:  Bruce Kidd (University of Toronto)

We are approaching a taxonomy of different legacies Also contribution to agenda for subsequent research Given IOC’s fascination for legacy and its reluctance to commit to soft legacies, we need a research agenda into various forms of legacy

Questions & Answers

ME: any audience research on celeb humanity campaign?

Joe: not really, but campaign did change throughout years and context relevant

Jim: any bigger legacy than AAFLA’s library?

Not really.

Tony: but Beijing has enormous effort.

Hans:

Joe: in commercializing

Far Eastern Olympic Issues Beijing Olympics Legacies:  Certain Intentions and Certain and Uncertain Outcomes Dong Jinxia (Peking University) J.A. Mangan (Founding and Executive Academic Editor, ‘International Journal of the History of Sport’)

Intended and unintended More than 290 billian yuan $US40b

Traffic -    90b yuan US$1.7b -    birds nest 3.5b yuan

accelerated growth

‘Plan to win Glory in the 2008 Olympics’ (2002) -    550 athetes in all 28 sports and will take more medals than before, aim to be in top 3

more than 50b yuan (US$7b) -    training -    treatment and prevention of injuries

2 potential legacies - elevated personal and national self-regard and pride if successful - lowered self-esteem and humiliation

national fitness programme ‘National Fitnes and Moe with the Olympics’

intangible legacies -    consolidation of confident Chinese national identity (98.7% of Beijing welcomes games) -    100,000 volunter spaces, more than 1m people applied

Global integration -    ‘one world one dream’ -    foreign experts employed

Will Hutton Susan L Smith

First time letters from IOC President delivered by host city rather than from Lausanne

Olympic Education Project -    400 million students from 500,000 scholars throughout t nation

CCTV introduced ‘beijing 2008’ on sports channel in 2005 and ‘My 2008’

Beijing Evening Daily

Zhang Yimou promo video

21,600 accredited and 30,000 non-accredited journalists greater media freedom

green Olympics

increased budget for enviro budgets form 45b rmb to 57b rmb

The legacy of the 1964 Tokyo Olympiad Dolores (Lola) Martinez (School of Oriental and African Studies)

Film from olympics that haunt us

Olympia film

LA 1932 did not use Hollywood to make a film

Leni Reifenstahl -    she didn’t like the ceremonies so re-did them -    highly constructed film

first Olympic film

Tokyo 1964 film – Ichikawa

What happens to the politics in these 2 films?

Local directors asked to make t film

They were meshed in state system for 1936 film

Representation at 2 levels Staged by nation state to represent something about itself

Generally its wealth, modernity

Only one possible version of reality

First sports film to be raised beyond mundane

Labelled as great work of art

4 main camera men and around 120 technicians

documentary film makers torn about the film

amazed by achievements and vision, new editing techniques, but never comfortably separate from Nazi Games and politics of its production

most people only ever watch first chapter

visual techniques – interested in representing where win uncertain

Japanese/Korean runner unexpected winner

1964 film

Ichikawa

Not too well known outside of japan, though his films are often shown in film festivals More seen as Hollywood hack that could do anything

Like kurosawa, humanist intentions

He was second choice to kurosawa

Local Olympic committee made him edit 3 times

Most profitable film in 1965

What was happening there? Why didn’t they like the film? Why did foreigners like it?

How judge legacies in future not something we have control over

JOC didn’t like since not about japan

Discussion over whether Americans looked scary and Russians not

Critics prais film for humanism

also unsettling film

prof of lit in japan eric katzin – attempt to represent t unrepresentable: social political problem of modernity

begins with blinding film

flies over Hiroshima – you see the atomic bomb

shown where Tokyo destroyed

v violent film

igareshi (historian) Olympics took place against North America critics

many said this film is about the war

refers a lot to leni’s film

both are evasive myths

resurgence of body politics in both. Both myth of restored poitical entitity both ignore political

legacies judged in future

a film so praised in 30s, which still astonishes documentary film makers, still seen as problematic

ichikawa’s film equally suspect

ME: why did kurosawa not accept?

The Seoul Olympics: Economic Miracle Meets the World Brian Bridges (Lingnan University, Hong Kong)

Sport in south korea after 1945 close to political priorities 1960s and 70s Park Chung-hee used sports promo as one way to create national ‘revival comp between two Koreas – political, military, economic, and sporting

Road to Seoul -    1981 ioc decision beat Nagoya easily -    ioc wanted boycott-free games -    2 big issues a) domestic political stability given military coup in 1980, b) tense relationship with north korea

last Olympics of cold war era

became tied up in that

a coming out party for Koreans

impact and legacies

economic, socio-cult, political-diplomatic

short and longer term

economic -    new sport facilities -    new infrastructure, han river cleaned, kimpo airport expanded, roadsides beautified

short term -    revenue sources: tv rights (but lower than expected), corporate sponsor TOP first employed, tourism -    strong economic growth in years prior, but slow in 1989, still 6% which was enviable

longer impacts -    direct: telecomm – electronics replacing textiles as lead export sector -    indirect: open up economy, distortion of economic priorties

ME: how did Korea react to the Ben Johnson scandal? Is there a legacy of remembering?

Socio-cultural legacies -    for Korean gov 2 key aspects: o    1. Promo of national sporting culure (Ministry of sport created, fnding athletes, pro baseball league – first pro league of any sport; tv coverage increase

limitations? -    lack of spectators at certain Olympic events -    boxing match behaviour – Korean boxer protestor sit down o    bad for Korea, but became worse as NBC playedback continuously which added -    atmosphere on streets

not atmosphere of world cup of 2002

society of 1980s where gov suppressed street demonstrations so v diffi to expect people to feel relaxed

2. Promo of traditional culture - Korean and cosmopolitan - ‘hand in hand’ theme song worldwide hit ‘breaking down the wall’ lyric, used in 1989 tiananamen sq

positive impression

political-diplomatic breakthroughs -    in 1981, 37 counries did not have diplomatc rels with S Korea, in the end only 2 did not attend -    north korea tried to co-host, but excluded itself in the end. Cuba joined in boycott

springboard to recogniion -    cultural plitics approach to socialist states -    hungary’s decision on eve of games to set up permanent mission

sculpture by Romanian sculptor (no diplomatic rels at this time)

sculpture park

many from east European countries

gymnastics display board was Hungarian technology

changing perceptions

fruits of ‘northern diplomacy’ (july 1988) South korea helped by changes in eas Europe Olympics changed Korean elite and public perceptions of socialist states but not relationship with N Korea

Democratization -    in early 1987 massive demonstrations against Chun gov threatened Olympics. Roh Tae Woo issued Democratization Declaration June 1987.

South Korean gov backed down in face of protests, as did not want to lose Olympics, so no martial law

1988 most peaceful transfer of power in its history

Olympic politican solidarity -    public opinion polls suggested that most koreasns across political spectrum -    opposition rfom those who saw it as military dictatorship’s project

enduring legacies? -    in 1980s, few knew about Korea (images of M*A*S*H and tear-gassed demos) buy by end of Olympics clearer impression -    though no doubt midleaing – reinvent for 2002 world cup

for Koreans -    move from third to first world -    seoul Olympic museum refer to foundation of advanced nation and ungraded international status -    remains source of appeal to collective memory and mobilization (eg. during asian financial crisis ten years later)

Questions & Answers

Q: a number of artists have been criticised for politics. Italian futurists. Dali. But their art can stand alone. Riefenstahl seems unfortunate. Can we view t  film in a way that allows art to stand above politics

Q: the will to power – neuremberg rallies film – represn to fascist ideology.

Bruce: are you sad that commissioning of films by great film makers? Lost contribution of singular vision of film makers

Boria: volunteer open and free?

Cynthia: people in china want opportunity to make contribution to success. When talk about forced volunteer, must understand china culture

John:: in what capacity one volunteers is culturally complex

Joe: former phd student looked at Korean games, finding of ceremonies show how local and global collide. But though teams separate, way that south Korean media portrayed them was quite subtle cultural interconnections – when met in a Korean restaurant in Athens – use of photographs conjoined to create notion of unity

Brian: between Sydney and Athens, Korean crisis

Gavin: egs of cities – LA model for 20th c, bejing model for 21st? tongue in cheek, but west to east – LA captures this. Beijing calls to rethink heritage or legacy – consultant migration doesn’t fit reqs of 21st c from humanitarian perspective. Are we trapped in 20th c legacy.

John: we had no problem defeating LA, since no sport infrastructure.

Tony: Korean team played in north east of England – at odds with southerns and bottom-pinching Italians. Ken Dodd – diddy men – north easterns took Koreans to hearts and genuinely loved and cheered for them. One of great moments of world cup for north Englanders. We are v conscious of the uncertainty of legacies. Uncertainty of legacies for Beijing are most interesting. Fascinating.

Discussant:  John MacAloon (University of Chicago)

Human Enhancement: the role of art and design (2008, Feb, RCA)

Human Enhancement : the role of art and design ((new tools and methods)RCA 2008.02.12

Domesticating Enhancement Jon Turney Frankenstein -    make creature big and strong, which he regrets

Darwin -    descent with modification

Visions of future depend on visions of past Shift from one to another

HG Wells -    Darwinian education, taught by TH Huxkley -    Invented the future through langage -    1902 lecture ‘the discovery of the future’; when writing Anticipations -    ‘we of the early 20th c and particulary that growing majority of us…men, no longer more than the present phase of a development….all exploits of….shriva….castles in the sand’

when bgin on changing, why stop? We are technological creatures

two visions of enhancement

1.    transcendence

World, the flesh and the devil

Genetics frustrating path to …- Mechanical Man ‘he new man must appear to those…as a strange monstrious and..but only the logical outcome..although it is possible that man has far to go….before … becomes limiting factor….must happen sooner or later..then…mechanized man…advantage’

Herman Mueller -    genetiiciss – long perspective on ‘out of the night’ – 1936 ‘in time to come…beast thought of the race….evoution still to come….working out of genetic methods…eugenic ideals…new characteristics….further t interests and happiness of .. god like beings…

no indication of finishing point

‘new organs’ -    which?

A technological project

Also represented in sci fi

Late 1920s, X-ray showing genetic mutation made its way into sci fi mags

A ra nge of possibilities

Not sure much has been added since these

Post WWII

Now a more technological project Not speculative Chance to make it happen Genetic engineering – life extension –

Early 1960s, prospect of immortality visible -    first proposal of extending life

freezing organims and thawing

achieve immortality by having frozen, then reanimate

this first strand is the grandest one

Harrington ‘the imortalist’ 1969 -    wider range o cultural and philosophical than Ettinger. Now useful text for transhumanist movement -    starts by saying ‘death is an imposition on the human race and is no longer acceptable’

how you get there can vary

2 kinds of taken for grantedness

first, that can modify

this runs through a l

Adrian Wolfson – 2000 – ‘life without genes’ -    abstract vision of biology as a searching design space -    all virtually present in some realm -    biological search, but if mae more systematic can plumb more areas -    ‘when we have chartered…natural evolutionary…fully in a position to…modify living things….life willl enter anew….no longer historical domain of natural selection…instead.construct and design new living things…’

Other books ‘ fukuyama, essentialist view ofHN;

Greg Stock -    lets move to next stage of evltion -    it’s in our natre to expt - grand narratives on human lives

Lee M. Silver -    drawing on Huxley, etc

Singularity -    moment occur when humanit transcended -    2030 acording to Kurzweil -    humans wil not be most evolved form of intelligence

commuication -    fiction and nojn-fiction boundary highly problematic

Singularity not really a story -just says eth after will be different - cannot write about end of the world

need to sidestep into new reality

if singul=laiy means anything then culture should be so different that cannot say anything about it

‘your speculation is as good as mine’

other level of enhancements – lower level -    putting fuel injection into cars, for eg

these were adopted and developed to Vern Vinge – singulairity

-    1960s speculation on drugs, computers and cyborg

in sci fi, people take adv of a consensual future from which to write

currenty consensual feature includes these features

ME: how do you write unforeseen consequences? Do the unforeseen consequences of sci visions cohere with what actually took place?

State of art for enhancement limited – prozac and steroids

Still quite limited

One eg.

Novel 1992 – Greg Egan – sci fi author ‘Quarantine’ -    enhancement is incidental, though human modification is central -    centres on quantum realities -    consider argument between two of key characters, one defending brain modif, trashuman rhetoric’ -    ‘do you think that brain wiriting from natural selection…peoples attempt to change..touchstone of perfection….god hasn’t done a perfect job….take a long time …to grow out of that bullshit…outdated heap of excuses for the things we couldn’t have, but now we can’ -    also offers image of possibilitie of everyday enhancement – protagonist in flight must disguise himself, what could be more traditional than changing colour of skin: ‘many of the small traders start opening for business around dawn..nanoachines before strets become crowded….’breaking down…melanine in my skin..i stare transxied…as they fade from the dep black…to an olive complxion….reminisent of my grandfather….it’s absurd but pissing away my skin colour is at least as disorientating as….’

Domestication o enhancement is now pervasive

eg. ?Health and safety executive – upstream – foresight – might expect about conditions of workplace, but framed generously – 10 yars ahead – had 4 scenarios – in each one, they assume some technologies of enhancement will be deployed – suggested that in most auspicious scenario ‘digital rose garden’ rdescribe heightend comfort with managing risks, heightened…transhumanist 20s…..pharmacological….extrme sports enthusiasts’, less desirable, use of performance enhancing drugs imposed by company; corporate training involves training in their use; worse one involves use by organized crime – fourth option to use to cope with multiple jobs, to look after aged

was going to talk about Freeman Dyson and domestication of technology

Questions & Answers

Anders: prob with singularity, all thinking stops. Might be trends towards transitions; for singularity might; foresee big things happening and this makes us stop thinking about it

AXXX: coming from largest AL lab in world, they think in 500 years might work out how nematode worm function. Brain computer interfaces -

Mark: whose points of view do we give credence to – whose vision – eg. Delphi study; what is the science going to be?

Oron: an artist worked on Singularity. ME: Check who. I’m concerned that singularity appears apocalyptic

Anders: concerned about this idea that singularity is some sort of religious conviction. I’m now trying to defy idea of superintelligence; we can get some form of superintelligence quite easily; aspects of singularity get lost since people get caught up in apocalyptic trance

Jon: James Martin said Moore law will continue; don’t call artificial intel, but non-human intell;

James: dog project; wolf was peak of dog evolution; now changed  evolutionary characteristics; domestication has diminished; it’s ok as they no longer need them; senses redundant somehow;

Jon: standard line – genetic modification – dogs

Oron: domestication led to shrinking brain;

Jon: freeman dyson – david brind – think about conseqs of future technology is what would it be like if everyone had it – flower shows; bilt a whole culture around modifying organisms; genetics of butterly wing colour – some artist is probably doing it

Design Fictions Tony

How fictional/unrealistic design can play a part in how we think about biotechnology

Not about predicting t future or forecasting

Designers naturally domesticate technologies -    atterns of consmption

run through various types of design fictions

sketch book

Oron Catts – victimless meat

Wh the process of domestication might hav on

Dressing the Meat of Tomorrow Ames King

Interested in designing the meat

What would it look like?

What will be different about this meat? What size?

Family sies? What family?

Memnto Mori Michael Burton

Grow hair of loved one after theyhave died

Fiction is in the behaviour Assumes something has changed in society Has become normal Not saying this is a good idea, but what would people feel about this

Thr+ill Mikail Metthey

These are al 4 week projects

Engineer illness out of our lives

Maybe illness will become a recreational activity

Place where people went to infect themselves

Reasons: hallucinating, like drug use or to connect with previous selves

Proposing an environment

Cross between a car park, sick room and a pub

Recuperation beds

Indirect way of dealing with implications of technologies, rather than becoming obsessed with t technology itself They do become sci fi

The Race Michael Burton

Certain concept of healh care, based on particular notion of ecysystem

Question with ay rwe relate to nature

Maybe a different notion of health will emerged

Began with maggots; today could be used to treat infection, but most people disgusted by them

How to present maggots Biophilia Cinic Expose ourselves to constructive germs

Modify lamb to be extra dirty and spread to us

Future Farm -    body becomes farm -    refer to organ farming -    funghi grown onbody used by some company

body, activate genes and mutate to embrace more symbiotic nature -    woman facila hair developed into a cage for grasshopper as nest

these are iconic

Chrono_shredder Susanna Hertich If it were possible, to hibernatre Not to explore adv, bu how attitude towards time might change Made clock – chronoshredder, while asseep each page of calendar shreds; conserving energy; might live longer, but life is passing

Evidence Dolls Dunn and Raby, Pompidou Centre, 204-5

Produce design project for design as a form of critique To raise issues Hypothetical product called evidence doll

Prior bio projects in dept, someone would do a project about not laving genetic traces Ways of masking

What about for woman -    dna ‘penis drawers

samples of tissue analysed how might impact on dating, etc

each doll was customized to represent lover -    philosopher at oxford -    fantasy lover -    heartbroken woman

capture conversation

‘I would go and get the DNA stuff tested. There’s something romantic about collecting a hair sample..there is something lovely about that’

dvd of actress orating the interviews

‘Everything comes 10 years later.in the project, we are trying to move upstream

turn fiction into

design fictions could be constructive

Biojewellery Tobbie Kerridge, Nikkis Stott, Dr Ian Thompson

New form of wedding ring, How could bioengineering impact on commitment Take bone from 2 lovers, worked on by jeweller to create  ring Once it got to this stage, generate interest, wrked with engineer Ian Thommpson to engineer Found couples who wanted to donate ring Once project becomes real, develops more focused Eg. how identify an audience representative of real people Eg. peple already interested in body adornment are interested Got to point where wanted to take sample, but could not find hospital that would take it for poetic reason Poetic need becomes a vald need

We discovered that when have wisdom teeth removed, also bone tissue, which could be harvested

Indirectly we access labs in imperial college Might start in fictional, then through vision end up in producing a product

Practical side not exclsive or

Questions & Answers

Jens: what does it change when becomes a reality? To do it the other way around, more hermenutical approach, what does the relative factors change?

Tony: on going debate on interaction in design; extremely difficult to get access to labs; where take more classical design approach, model more poetically, is easier.  When at this point, are making a decision about wanting it implemented. When started project, consulted bioengineers; what we’re trying to do with these projects is sit in fuzzy space – between moral ground - ; interesting space between idea of fiction, reality and fantasy that we can occuy and have different purposes

Joanna Z: science – what kind of relationship exists between these projects and ttradl discourses of science; wary of sci art collaborations – have been v conservative – artists trying to get some of scientists money – so, describe what you do with students as different; other q is whether, destination of projects, where they are going; just a conceptal exercise to become better designers? Are they aimed for galleries

Tony: where this work sits in the world is a big isse; don’t want to be seen simply as art for galleries; as a designer, if categorized as art, then can be wacky; but when proposals about alternative health care, people more wary; when someone says it’s art, leads to specific conntations; imp that we present as designl bt aren’t places in design to present it; so end p crossing over intogallery spaces; MoMa new york will display some of these works; we’re very aware of sciart and we are quite critical; we try to look at science as driving focce and ask how are we going to engage; instead of designing applications, we look at implications; one of the roles is as a provocation; these things are quite banal, quite down to earth, not to critizes but rather than let natural flow happen, by looking at positive and negative outcomes, try to stay way from that; one thing we’re really missing so far is how to make that leap; connecting to organizations to have impact is next step;

Anders:  qite a bit of my work might be on wrong questions; what enhancements do people want; a day dreaming enhancement might be better than a memory enhancement; find out what people wish for is needed

Tony: V&A project looking at visions of teenagers for enhancement; went into a school with 10yr olds; talked about nano and bioart, worked with teacher to brainstorm and came up with over 100 genetically modified toys; no shortage of imagination; processes for facilitating interactions and facilitating through plicy makers to go to higher level, not sure how would happen; lower level is easier

XXXX: what if work with ethicist

Tony: Elio Caccavale is doing this; working at PEALS; trying to speculate on what happens when technology allows for different family structures to emerge; trying to create serious design hypothetical capsules to act as medium for conversations;

SymbioticA – a model for artistic engagement with t life sciences Oron Catts

Recently been changed to a Centre. Miranda Grounds, Stuart Bunt and Oron Catts

Life asa raw material -    HG Wells, 1895 – We overlook only too often the fact that a living being may also be regarded as raw material, as something plastic, something that may be shaped and altered’

Ear on back of mouse – ear fell off two weeks after those images were taken

‘fighting the hype’ -    crusader against genohype -    Keynote address at genomics and society meeting (I will ask them to change their name)

Artistic lab

Critique of life sciences

Steve Kurtz, ORLAN,

Not just a production residency, but research, so not reqd to come up with outcome

Only masters in Biological Arts offered in a science faculty in t world

Also engage in exhibitions and symposia

Core project: Tissue Culture and Art Project (initiated in 1996) Oron Catts and Ionat Zurr

Promoting notion of useless research

To engage with ideas, should design objects for cultural discussions

We refus funding from pressure groups

Would never accept funding from biotech companies

But our work is funded, but not by sciart funding

History of Living-Fragments / Semi-Living -    1885 Roux embryonic chick cells stay alive in a saline solution -    1907 Harrison’s first partial life entity; amphibian spinal cord in lymph clot -    1913 Carrel grows cells in cultre for long periods – fed regulary under aseptic conditions -    1948 first animal cell line (mouse) -    1951 HeLa cell line established -    Standard of Tissue Culture (model, tool) -    1990s – Tissue Engineering / regenerative medicine /antibody production / non biomedical use

Eduard Uhienhuth wrote in 1916 -    ‘Through the discovery of tissue culture we have, so to speak, created a new type of body on which to grow the cell’

Carrel -    regarded a Dr Frankenstein -    claied his lab in Rockerfella institute was inspiration for Hollywood rankenstein

New Kind of Body – the tecno scientific body -    semi-living entities ‘cared’ for in a techno-scientific body

problem with humancentric view

when examine bodies, notice similarities

Tissue culture as a science -    1910-1930

semi-living dos not seem to conform to either Linnaean taxonomy nor molecular systematics

Nante

Helacyton gartleri – a new species Van Velen and Maiorana 1991 -    ‘species originated in diverse ways. HeLa cells are t best-known cultured cells of human origin…’

McCoy cell line – human/mouse cells -

Steven Erfelt

Cell fusion Break of membrane

The Pig Wings Project (2000-2003)

Questions & Answers

Anders: You say uncomfortable with human enhancement but what about biomass?

Oron: yes

Jo Z: engagement aspect; how is agenda of provocateur – moralistic way of teaching -

Oron: 2 roles, artist and provocateur;

Tony: what wouldn’t you do? (ethical boundaries to performance?) Oron: some of the work in SymbioticA I find disturbing, but I wouldn’t censor it eg. nerve cultures; engaging with animal also engaging. Became vegetarian after victimless meat project; but as long as society is utilizing animals, artists at least have a right to do the same – implicit and explicit violence; I hold 5 ethics approvals for artists to undergo biopsies on themselves for their work;

Jimmy: Kevin Warwick’s brain cell work – culturing brain cells from rats, projecting when human brain cells might be cultured;

Oron: we were involved in a project that was doing this;

Jens: becoming vegetarian – Peter Singer – victimless lover – singer wrote paper for art magazine, artist killed animals for photograph, arguing it is unacceptable,

Oron: in Singer’s recent book, doesn’t say shouldn’t eat meat, but should eat ethical meat; Craig Ventor – said about misuse of biological knowledge;

Presence/Representation – Metaphore/Metonymy: Approaches to Art involving Biotechnology Jens Hauser jhauser@club-internet.fr

presence –

Liverpool FACT exhibit – curating of presence effects

Iconicity

Technological visualization tools

Reading images – how far is appropriate?

Image instead of text

NYAS – Art and Biology conf, April 2007

Many scientists complain that have powerpointization of science – hollywoodization

To engage artists, stress signif points

Edgard Varese (1883-1965) -    composer sound sculptor visionary -    music, embodies new world

why does music produce better presence effects than visual arts?

What would an art be like that achieves productive tension?

FACT conference

Denis Noble – synthetic biology – ‘the music of life’ -    played song on his guitar for start of presentation -    stress not to search for programme, all about harmony

title ‘sk-interfaces’ to avoid pointing to the future.

‘exploding borders, creating membranes’ – sub-title of exhibition

not a sciart show, not illustrating scientific knowledge

Hans Ulrich – meaning effects vs presence effects -    ‘Production of Presence: What meaning cannot convey

should not dance to a tango with lyrics -    lyrics disrupts tango -    deprive full pleasure of fusion between tango music an movement of body -    when dancing, even most proficient dancers cannot grasp lyrics

Victimless Leather

The Eighth Day-  Eduardo Kac -    biobot moves with colony; biology invades mechanics -    camera accessed by web audience

Meaning culture vs Presence culture

Quoting: artists as seismographs –

Questions & Answers

Claim that rate of viewers at FACT is five times higher than other exhibits

High emphasis on training of gallery personnel

Mark: mechanism for recording peoples reactions to exhibit

Jens: phd student from york university doing audience research

Tony: does the emotional response matter to you?

Technologies, Art & Identity Sandra Kemp

Future Face

Photograph -    how are artists, technologists using it?

Peter Butler – face transplant surgeon

Enhancement, identity

‘Still life with stem cells’

‘lump’ – Life form with Uninvolved(?) Mutant Properties

Human Mutant Project

Patricia Puccini -    FRankentstein’s mistake, not a good parent

What constitutes a family

Thomas Broomfield’s ‘Misfit’

Rhona ‘Animal/Hman’

Doesn’t take sides

Social values / relationships that count

‘Give your child a chance in life, don’t leave it up to nature’

Kac’s Bunny -    feel different if it’s your pet bunny

Penny McCarthy -    ‘clones live in the fridge’

Orson Welles – DR Moreno ‘ existence limits of plasticity unlimited form’

Anthony Gormley – all art is about what it means to be alive

Production and consumption of visual

Much more media coverage in science than art

Media and biology have ben profoundly visual practices

Diagnosis relies on eye and ability to learn from

Richard Sennett – ‘The Craftsman’

Challenge t traditional notion of beauty

Classical aesthetic theory no longer applied

Keats ‘no longer know what beautiful is’

Portrait Gallery – Sir John Sulston – first genetic portrait called ‘A Portrait’

Stelarc

Re-enacted? ‘if alter architecture of body…alter body’s mind’

Gary Schneider -    genetic self portrait -    Columbia Medical School -    XX specimen -    Looking beneath surface of face, redefining portraiture

How no represent personhood or identity|?

Sensibility – emotion, attraction

Affect

Oscar Wilde – Life Imitates Art

Ethics and Aesthetics

Artists always loking for new material

Informed resistance vs hysteria

Foucault – task is to refuse what we are not disXXX what we are

T H body is central to explorations on these XX

Larry Miler -    genetic code -    copyright  certificate

ME: Bioart as Bioethics

Will t face continue to be shaped by evol or will we customize

Where does a face begin and end? First face transplant was a replant -    10yr old girl, hair caught in something and ripped face off

2005 face transplant - she feels she’s lost substantial part of identity

1992 Francis Dagony – psych emerges from complex structure interior and exterior ‘threshold’ same in portraiture

upon seeing of first phoo portrait -    ‘shadow of the person’

Kathryn Ikan(?) – ‘Elle’ -    AI and movement sensors -    Art, not interaction, but open, flawed system, whose viewere and art work esthetic own process of enjoyment (NOT SURE THIS IS RIGHT)

Real and Virtual

Intellectual Property – 199-2000 -    Donna McLean applied patent on herself – GB00001800 -    ‘It has taken 30 years of hard labour’

Yvonne Spielmann (2007, December 6, University of the West of Scotland)

Yvonne Spielmann seminar6 December 2007

Japan research

Aesthetics -    hybridity - Cultural studies -    modernity, colonial, Stuart Hall -    closing down of debate -    Romly back to syncrhotism

Common ground between themes?

Blind spots: Media people specify different types of convergence tend to say that analogue media reality – each photo camera, chemical, electronic – say hat none of them apply anymore, since area of simulation; they call this digitl and hybrid, since no physical reality; if combine, then hybrid

This is often neutral to outside world, but not debate of different cultural influences. Now q over global.

In CS, always vague specification of media

Lack of understanding of the media’s specificities Including evol of genre, technology, etc

So this is a bigger blind spot, though political understanding of hybridity politics -    nationalism, etc

eastern western compositions

how specific thought processes have been reworked

Fiona Tan -    Indonesian artist, raised in Netherlands, photographer -    Represn of modernity within media in 20th century -    Also with performativity of medium -    Transgress -    Comment on content, but also specific apparatus of the medium -    Creating dynamics and possibilities of change -    Film and video used to rework other

Art Historians -    auber XXXX -    ar -    human size scale installation

interested in exemplary

plurality, postmodern,

image in a dynamic

hybrid, because in between

projected film of photograph of people standing still

used to classify people and society

she brings an external

-    sarah ahmed – familiarity

western socialization of 20th century media

then, she travels to japan and does video installation in temple in souther Kyoto

‘Saint Sebastian’ -    arrow being shot. -    Target not the focus -    Refers to Christian mythology, but there would show tortured body -    She takes position of san Sebastian, shooting back from camera, victim position captured by film maker, also a gender change

Indiv not s indiv, but as exemplary of particular profession

Tang

Sanjusangendo Temple in Kyoto, each year on Kyoto

Hiroshi Sugimoto – famous Japanese photographer -    still photography, horizon lines -    Sea of Buddha -    Appears as same image, but they are each different – taken from 1000 buddhas -    Impression of single image is product of modernity. -    Require knowl of the 1000 buddhas to know that it is not simply duplication

Is this specifically Japanese approach in photography

Sugimoto – show in Rapongi

Shoichi Auk -    Freshfruits

Katrin Paul

Tokio Hotel

Masaki Fujihata -    Making of Landing Home -    Gps, angle of camera.

Ethical Futures

Ethical Futures London, RSA.

AGENDA 09.00          Registration

09.20           Audience seated in the Great Room

09.30 – 09.40      Welcome – Matthew Taylor, Chief Executive of the RSA

09.40 - 10.10       Panel Discussion – Communicating the issues:  enriching the dialogue Our perceptions about scientific advancements are influenced by information that we receive from           a myriad of sources.  Can we trust the quality of the information in the public domain? Is there a           connection between this and our overwhelming negative response to some new and emerging               technologies? Chair: Oliver Morton - Chief News & Features Editor, Nature Dr Anjana Ahuja – Features writer & columnist, The Times Cory Doctorow – Science fiction writer, journalist and blogger

10.10 – 10.20     Audience participation

10.20 – 10.30     Short story competition award presentation RSA short story competition on our vision of the future

10.30 – 11.00     Coffee break

Presentations An exploration of country experiences in developing ethics frameworks

11.00 – 12.20    Session chair: Dr Jonathan Carr-West – Programme Head, RSA

Japanese Bioethics and Enhancement– Prof Takao Takahashi

1.    reflective equilibrium 2.    enhancement debate in japan

history of bioethics in japan -    from 1970s to 1980 beginning -    1969 – Japanese Asoc of Med Law -    1971 – principle of Informed Cnsent in Tokyo -    1971 – Mitsubishi --- Life Science Institute of Ideas

second period 1982 – first ethics committee 1983 – first IVF baby born in japan 1985 – mass media on bioethics 1988 – Japan Assoc of Bioethics

3rd period 1993- guidelines for gene therapy 1995 – first gene therapy 1997 – organ transplant aw 1999 – firs organ transplant from brain-dead person 2000 – human cloning law 2001 – guidelines for human genome research 2007 – guidelines for end of life care agenda: surrogacy, revision to organ transplant law

Taking Life and Death Seriously – Bioethics from Japan -    Advances in Bioethics – vol.8, Elsevier

Reflective Equilibrium Moral judgements, moral intuition, custom Basic concepts basic principles Intermediate principles, law, guidelines (via Interpretation, abduction)

no level is absolute coherentism

subcom of human embryo research: structure of its argument

moral judgements, moral intuition, custom -    safety donor rights, right to research, usefulness, disclosure

respect for human dignity -    prohibition against dealing as only a method -    prohibition against identity of human species

Current Sitn in Japan on Enhancement -    public interest o    not strong o    prefer surrogate mother to designer baby o    Ritalin – abuse, attract media o    Cyborg – only in few tv progs o    Doping – prob of sport •    Make too much of safety -    research interest o    cannot be solved by Beauchamp and Childress’ principles or respect for dignity •    search for not-borrowed original principles or, reinterpretation of existing principles -    16th Annual Assoc of Biethics Conf (2004) o    first appearance at conf o    agena: defn of enhancement, classicifcaitons o    discussions of funl concepts (therapy, self, dignity, autonomy goodness) -    18th Ann Ass Conf (2006) o    aenda: nature of life, dyanics of sci, economics -    19th Conf (2007) o    brain enhancement, SSRI, genetics

Characs -    general rather than specific -    emphasis on other countries -    re-examine fundamental concepts rather than applic of existent principles (philosophical dialogue) -    reflective equilibrium -    moral intuition to criticize or deduce fundamental concepts -    solidarity

Enhancement and Japanese compatibility -    Reason (right way) o    Through history, customs, o    Prudence (Yamato Gokoro), unselfish o    Customs, bottom-up -    Value as endurance – customs, conventions -    Sympathy – natural bond of humans -    Life – soc like living thing

General view -    ambiguity of life o    self-preservation, improve enviro o    inevitability of mistakes, aging dath •    negative, but is opposite o ideal of machine -    human dignity basd on ambiguity of life o    respect for other o    sympathy for vulnerable, care for others

Structure of morality based on ambiguity of life -    moral sentences, customs

Where is permissible range? -    if A exceeds, then B as brake -    permissible ranges -    therapy is most famous -    natural

Within Japan -    ambiguity of life -    weak self -    sympathy -    uncertainties of life -    natur’s divine power -    child like a god -    abandonment (virtue, ideal, leads to enlightement)

Ethics and emerging technologies in America – Prof Nigel Cameron

3 accounts of emerging technology

nanotech discussion has led national nanotech intiative in US, by Clinton 2003 – 21st Century Nano R&D act

next fiscal year $1.4b for Institute

broader ethical implications AI ELSI Language in act not tied to funding trends

Controversy among people about slowness of funding, not just for ELSI but also safety, toxicology

On Friday, I was chairing conference at Press Club in Wasington

Initiatives -    I’ve been involved with 5 federal workshops o    Cogntivie enhancement o    Nano and convergence -    No evidence that these have fed to policy machine -    But evidence fo pre-debate

This year, re-authorization process

Tendency to play down radical implics

Nat Ac of Sci -    produced report -    referred to 2 of 6 concerns, dismissed as sci fi -    but a few month before, national lab convened workshop on cognitive enhancement

discouragement of public conversation

National Science foundation -    lead in nano -    convened series of conferences, sep from nano and nano and soc confs -    converging technologies o    2003 – Roco and Bainbridge – NBIC doc •    controversy, since occasion of European report •    European response •    Euro group said American approach not NBIC but of Human Nature and Machine nature •    Europe seen as a policy doc, which was a misunderstanding •    Object lesson in how not to do things, but also in how they were done

‘Nanoscale’ book by Cameron

Converging Technologies -    suggests implics are World Peace -    become one World brain -    interpreted as policy positions of US government

3rd Narrative -    US President’s Council on Bioethics -    Estab for Cloning primarily -    Beyond Therapy o    Open ended discussion, saying enhancement is most imp q we face, bt also v difficult to come to terms with o    Staff report, no policy recommendations or status -    Readings doc – stories o    Context for conversation -    Most controversial for role in stem cell, though first formal decision was to disagree with Bush on therapeutic cloning. One reason for why policy role limited

These 3 strands on pre-debate

Observations: -    predebate character shows difficulty in main-streaming which we are discussing today o    public engagement strategy in Europe •    2 possible outcomes. •    Keep as peripheral discussion •    Priming pump for mainstreaming, bringing about •    Partly why developing new think tank in US, since absent •    Cinderella character of bioethics debates -    Converging Technologies model interesting, branded by NSF. Europ group developed alternative term. Nano are converging o    Convergence of humanities and social sciences -    Global dimension o    US representatin at various sitns. Eg. human cloning vs UK o    US also on UNESCO’s Bioethics and Human Rights

What is the European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies thinking about? Prof Julian Kinderlerer

What is the EGE? -    set up in 1990s, by President of Commission to advise

anything on sci and technology thought to be o signif in Europe

deliberately consists of fewer members than states in euro, so represents indiv, rather than a country

v difficult to put into English views of colleagues, biggest problem

Directive XXXX.: patents on biotech and life -    think about general, not indiv

Directive 2001/18 -    release of GMOs into enviro and marketing. We are given role in thinking about general ethical issues

recent activity -    Opinion 20: ICT implants o    Indicated happy with use of enhancement technology to bring human individuals within normal range, but not further. So, could replace lost or malformed foot or heart. But to enhance an athlete to take part in Olympics, falls foul of ant-doping legislation. -    Opinion 21 (2007): ethics of nanomedicine o    Specifically didn’t talk about enhancement o    Only modern nano on medicine. o    Technology offers poss of new diagnostics and preventive o    Concerned that moral duty to make affordable health care available to all on fair and equitable basis o    Concerned that could improve only wealthy o    Also looked at risks o    Economist last week on manner of risks of nano have not been assessed properly. Not technology to do risk assessment. EU recognized o    These are policy docs. EU decided now major investment in risk and ethics of converging technologies o    Spending more on technology than risk and ethics o    Recognizes that understanding and preventing risk has low priority in research world. o    With risk research, public confidence in technology could be reduced in real or perceived dangers. Sometimes perceived greater danger. o    Cosmetics concern, since don’t require much risk analysis. But are they dangerous? How far into skin do they permeate? •    Will return to this issue -    Opinion 22 (2007): human embryonic stem cells, under FP7 o    US sitn permeates Europe. o    Opinions of group, mirrored Europe o    Germany, stem cell hardly committed. Not allowed to make or use stem cells unless country fro, which used is fully member of FP7 eg. if stem cell from Israel, can use in Germany. Italy, Ireland, Poland, cannot. o    If brought to group, would never have had consensus o    How bridge gap? •    Chose to do so by political compromise •    Worded FP7 carefully. •    Identified variety of techniques t permit use of ESC in Europe without getting anybody XXX. •    Eg. cant use stem cells that have been made except those in countries from FP7 – but cannot make them with money from FP7 •    Group felt strongly that cells must only be for medical research, not for other purpose eg. replace animal exptn, so only direct medical purpose, not indirect •    System: proposal to EU, then scientific eval, then ethics eval, then reps of EU states – purely political -    Now, due to FDA, look at cloned animals for food o    Caused signif probs o    Mainly cattle o    For dairy cattle, few bulls used worldwide o    Average bull produces enough semen for 20-100,000 calfs per year o    Don’t need so many bulls o    So need system for not producing monoclonal popn o    For meet cattle, have prairies whee cattle roam and bulls roam with them o    Difficult to improve o    So, produce clones of bulls and improve quality of bulls. o    Don’t need in Europe, since don’t have same extent of roaming o    We were worried by fact that pre-implantation, have problem. o    During pregnancy, lose greater proportion of implanted, than for AID. o    Large number die during life o    Animal welfare, not safety, is main concern o    Concern about WTO legal action for unfair barriers to trade o    Need to look at more carefully, than system in US permits -    Next, industrialized agriculture

We believe we will be asked about enhancement technology soon

Bioethics policy and debate: a UK perspective Hugh Whittall (Nuffield Council on Bioethics)

Previously civil servant – human tissue branch

Won’t speak on HE debate, since not much polic implics yet. Mainly academic

Gov and advisory bioethics -    HGC -    NRES -    GIC -    GTAC -    APC

Regulatory authorities - HFEA - HTA

indep bodies - Nuffield - BMA Med Ethics Com

estab in 1991

indep body 2004 review: gov decided not to establish own bioethics committee

3 core functions - identify and define ethical qs, respond to public concern - make arrnagmenets for examining and reporting such questins to promote public understanding and discussion - policy focused

quarterly meetings of council 16 members new topics reveiwd at horizon scanning

topics -    novel, complex, timely, allow NCOB to make an impact

working party estab to consider topic in detail

working parties

impact on public debate -    media coveage -    public events -    education activities

working with Nuffield curriculum centre provide materials for use in schools science and citizenship curricula plays in schools

what about adults?

We don’t have a single ethical framework that in the UK we apply to ethics in public policy

Rather, we tend to identify values relevant to particular case

What language do we use to communicate?

Need a public engagement with ethics

Enhancement ok, but need o provide underlying language with which to engage on particulars

12.20 – 12.45    Audience participation

Is there a notion of what a human being is that informs your debates?

Hugh: no. unfair to pitch to our org.

Prof Takahashi: idea of human dignity not complete. Right to self determination must be based on concept of life, not human being. What is life frames our approach.

Nigel: we operate on assumption that we know what human is, even if cannot define. At functional level, this is a non-subject. Notions of courage, etc – virtue – heart of what it means to be human. Threat is technological fix that make unnecessary.

Julian: priest and rabbi asked when life began: priest said moment of conception, rabbi said when dog dies and kids leave home. Between I and polish group on group, we are completely different. Do not wish to remove these differences. Harmonization in defining human would lose a great deal. Eg. live in south afria ecause wanted to go to non-western soc, to see what they are acing. Concept of IP presumes indiv autonomy. But not present in other cultres. Should we harmonize or understand differences?

Q: thought Hugh Whittel’s idea of having a language is fundamental. Practice of defiing values is key to international affairs, consensus and good governance. Prob of defining values is need to differentiate between amount of value ascribed by indiv to a partic quality. Science of thinking and eval that have not establishd for thinking about this prob.

Q: religious recognition outside of western?

Hugh: must measure values that come into conflict. If look at other cultures, will help.

Prof Takahashi:

Nigel: how get public discussion between different types of people.

12.45 – 13.45    Lunch

13.45 – 13.50     Book launch

Presentations Current research is posing difficult questions about our future at both the individual and societal levels.  This session highlights some of the work and implications at the forefront of science.

13.50     15.20        Session chair: Prof Igor Aleksander – Prof of Artificial Intelligence Humanoid Robotics, Culture and Society of Japan Prof Atsuo Takanishi

Late prof ichiro kato WABOT-1 (1973) WASEDA-Gifu Wabian-2R -    Hitachi, walker for elserly and handicapped -    For designing new prosthetic

Biped Robot that can carry a human – WL-16 Practical Robotic Solutions, TMSUK

Emotion Expression Robot

EYE-Chan -    ROBOCASA WK-16

Deformable Face Robot – Solid Works

Flutist Robot for Simulating -    lung capacity similar to humanresources@paisley.ac.uk

Vocal Humanoid -    WT-5 o    High speed-camera o    Vocal cord vibration o    Kotaro Fukui team

AICHI EXPO 05 -    biggest robotic event in Japan

Toyota robots SONY HONDA, MITI,

Historical Backgrounds

Simplified history o japan In 1600s-1867 – Edo Era -    cultural explosion -    Japan’s renaissance -    Karakuri, sushi, manga, ukiyo-e, jabuki, jaiu bonsai, tea cer -    Karakuri puppels, in 17th C

Center of Education in Edo Era: Terakoya School

Admiral Perry -    expected japan would take over technology from other countries

populatization of Japanese mathematics -    Jinkoki, Sangau -    Pii and proof of geometry, in Japanese templese, 2-300 yrs ago

Astro Boy (1951) manga Iron Man the 28th (1956)

Left and right brain function varies in part between western and asia

Onomatopeia -    12000 in japanese, 3000 in English requiem service for broken needles in japan -    technology can have soul – need to protect

The ethical implications of automated killers: Will robots take over the battlefield and law enforcement in the 21st century? Prof Noel Sharkey

Unded by research council on issues of public concern

Recurrent issue from journalists is robotics and military

Link to police service

Worldwide stock of 6m serice, personal and industraial robogs Prices falling – 80% cheaper in 2006 than in 1990

Numbers et to rise

US Future combat systems project spending to exceed $230b -    massive and realistic plans to develop unmanned vehicles to strike form the air, under sea, and on land -    - congress set a goal on 2001 for one third of operational ground combat vehicles unmanned by 2015

4000 ground based robots in iraq

mostly Explosive Ordinance Deployment

robots as extensions of human fighters human operators control

UCAV – semi-autonomous Deployed in iraq MQ-1 predator – hellfires USAF

Boeing X45A X47B Pegasus

Robots

US National Research council ‘Navy and Marine Corps…exploit …autonomous vehicles’

Cheaper to manufacture Require less support personnel Perform better

Want a single soldier to initiate large scale robot attack from air and on ground

Big IF -    autonomous systems can identify legality, then -    let men target men -    let machines target machines

AI Myth

Grave doubts -    robots not bright enough to be called stupid

many subtle distinctions to be made in war

cold lead to chaotic or uncontrollable behav

robots do not have t discriminative ability required

Just War Theory -    fully moral and ethically approp use of mass political violence -    extends back to st augusiine and Aquinas -    basis for laws of war enshrined in Geneva and hague conventions

three main parts -    Jus ad bellum – justifcaiton for waging war -    Jus in bello – conditions of just war o    Discrimination o    Proportionality o    No means o    Responsibility

The Artificial Conscience -    US army funding project an ethical robot soldier -    Could such a device be more ethical than humans because are not emotional -    Idea is to provide robot with set of ethical rules to apply in combat situations

Won solve prob of discrim and control -    used to ally political opposition

John Ford ‘Obliteration’ -    could not possibly protect all innocents in war

answer was to go for technological solution. Prob of allocating responsibility for mishps to machines

UK Government on Robot ethics -    horizon scanning doc -    robots for reproduction, improve themselves, gain AI -    granted legal rights and have citizen responsibilities o    voting, paying taxes, compulsory military service

Robot Arms Race -    once technology developed, everyone will want it -    DARPA annual grand challenge -    Singapore, JUK and South Africa started -    Israel and South Korea have robot  border guards

UCAV Russian Scat nEUROn by SAAB

Conclusion -    if cant guarantee discrim with combatants and innocents, should not use -    allocating responsibility for killing innnocents -    eliminating ‘body bag’ politics -    can a war be just with no danger to one side -    responsibility as engineers is to be honest about AI

New York Times, 1950 -    ‘…we will need a robot machine commission to function somewhat like our present Atomic Energy Commission...’

Neuroethical issues of cognitive enhancement Prof Barbara Sahakian

‘boosting your brain power’ BMA publication

do we need cognitive enhancement? -    Alzheimer’s disease -    Biggest risk factor, age -    Each year, 39,400 new cases -    Current cost of long term care for dementia is £4.6b, expected to rise to £10.9b by 2031 -    Number of people rise from 224000 in 1998 to 365000 in 201

Schizophrenia -    23m people worldwide -    even small improvements in cognitive fn could help patients make transition to independent living

ADHD -    4-10% of all children worldwide affective, most prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder

Ritalin ok for 60% of children

Neuroprosthetics for cognition

Pharmacological possibilities

Foresight – Brain Sciences and Addiction

Use of stimulants by students -    16% students on some collage campuses in USA -    See PHOTO

Modafinil improves planning in healthy volunteers

Athlete Kelly White banned

Rights and wrongs of cognitive enhancement in healthy people -    inceasd performance (boh pleasurable and competitive activites) -    modafinil o    Emory University, USA

Questionnaire by Sahakian and Morein-Zamir, 2007

Military, shift workers, air traffic control, school pupils

Normalization removal of nfair disparity in shcooling

Wrongs -    long-term side effect

Ecstasy and depression -    Roiser et al Am J Psychiatry, 2005, 162(3), 609-612

Neuroethics socie Cyborgs…… the future for humans? Prof Kevin Warwick

Using technology to assist with problems - parkinson’s disease, DBS

15.20 – 15.40    Audience participation

15.40 – 16.05   Tea

16.05 -16. 30 Panel Discussion – Defining the boundaries to human enhancement: the way forward Session chair: Prof Andrew George Dr Andy Miah Prof Nigel Cameron

My Intervention: Boundaries PPT on Biocultural Capital

Types of boundaries - conceptual (defns, aesthetic, cultural, discourse) practical (technical, regulatory, legal, intergovernmental)

Focus on conceptual - defining enhancements – accumulation of biocultural capital - EGE Prof outlined egs that were, in my view, sill therapeutic rather than enhancing - nor Kevin’s Parkinson’s disease patient - profound reductionism of transhumanism - reduction of ethics to ‘consumption of ethics’ - trust – crisis of expertise – PEWE indicative of - how dowe know it’s genuine - achieving gender equality in debates about enhancement technology

16.30 – 16.45 Audience participation

16.45    - 16.50    Close – Prof Bruce Lloyd

Followed by Reception in the Vaults