Susan Sherwin

A couple of weeks ago, Hilde Linderman wrote about Ruth Macklin's listing of Susan Sherwin as one of the most prominent bioethicists. I met Susan last May in Stockholm, for Claudio Tamburrini's and Torbjorn Tannsjo's conference on sport, medicine and ethics. A number of other attendees are surely likely to grace these pages, but a word for Susan first. At the conference, Susan presented her 'relational' approach to ethics in a paper titled: Sports, Genetic Enhancement, and Autonomy. Here are some notes I made during the presentation:

Should we welcome/resign/resist – social policy or indiv choice? – Francoise Bayliss/ - oppose – to pursue GE = research prog – sports req different kinds of body type – enthusiasm for GE = popular reductionism – avoid enthusiasm welcome – also reject 2nd (resign) – beleief in efficacy will lead to demand (!) – resigned acceptance is self-fulfilling- reject inevitability – opt for resistance – social policy, not indiv choice – indiv choice: autonomy as informed choice – prog grants to challenge rights based – for some implices reduced autonomy – must include right to refuse – but in sport not possible – broader implic for young athletes – most likely to be applied in adolesecenc, this is bad time – cannot claim ‘informed’ – challenge indiv – reject trad economy defences – reject indiv autonomy and personhood and supplement w relational theory – persns as partially contested by social relations – liberal theorie treat self-hood as indiv, relations -= selfhood as ongoing project – wht are t proceses by which a person holds certain prefers – fem theory – irrationality based on consensus (irrational to resist conformity – become irrational NOT to select enhancement – excellence as GM conveys something to those who are genetically deficitine – new expctation for improvement – entrenches legitimacy of comp (social Darwinism) – precautionary principle needed – excellence is not GM, but social programes – less sexy perhaps

ME: what else shouldn’t we have done based on this model?

I rather liked Susan's presentation and there is much to debate from her proposition. The listing of Susan as a most prominent bioethicist was published in The Hastings Center Report. I will visit The Hastings Center again later this year for a project led by Tom Murray.

Jenny Gristock

I came across Jenny's work through the science communication list. She now has the privilege of being my first 'brief encounters' posting, which might just fill my wish to include postings about the interesting people I encounter from day to day. Jenny is now working on a major SciCom project for the British Council and is based at  SPRU. She states that the project aims to highlight: " * some of the UK academic departments where science communication research is done * a list of courses in science communication, with links to their web pages * information about some of the mentoring and fellowship opportunities in science communication * details of some of the science weeks and festivals that take place during the year * sources of funding for science communication

and other science-communication related events and resources."

Over the last couple of years, I have developed a bee in my bonnet about SciCom, so it will be interesting to follow this work.

Art-Place-Technology - International Symposium on Curating New Media Art

Liverpool School of Art & Design and FACT Centre30 March - 1 April 2006

Just ten days left to take advantage of our early bird registration offer: ends on 17th March. Register now and save 35% on the full registration fee. Further programme details and online registration: http://www.art-place-technology.org

New media art is a global phenomenon: a rapidly changing and dynamic field of creative practice which crosses conventional categories and disciplinary boundaries, challenging our assumptions about art.

- How do curators engage with new media art? - What makes a good curator of new media art? - What can we learn from the pioneers of this field? - What does the future hold for curating new media art? - What common ground exists with other disciplines?

These and other issues will be explored at Art-Place-Technology. Speakers who are shaping the practice and theory of curating new media art include:

Inke Arns, Hartware MedienKunstVerein, Dortmund. Sarah Cook, CRUMB, University of Sunderland Pierre-Yves Desaive, Fine Arts Museum of Belgium, Brussels Paul Domela, Liverpool Biennial Lina Dzuverovic, Electra, London Charlie Gere, Lancaster University Beryl Graham, CRUMB, University of Sunderland Ceri Hand, FACT, Liverpool Drew Hemment, Futuresonic, Manchester Kathy Rae Huffman, Cornerhouse, Manchester Stephen Kovats, V2, Rotterdam Amanda McDonald Crowley, Eyebeam Art & Technology Center, New York Francis McKee, Glasgow International & CCA, Glasgow Trebor Scholz, Institute for Distributed Creativity, New York Dimitrina Sevova & Alain Kessi, codeflow, Zurich Paul Sullivan, Static Gallery, Liverpool Simon Worthington, Mute, London

Art-Place-Technology will look at historical and current projects by some of the world's leading curators of new media art, and discuss how curating new media art creates interfaces with the art world, museum culture, media, publishing and academia. The symposium also includes a performance by LoVid, and a curator's tour of the exhibition "Howlin' Wolf" by Mark Lewis at FACT.

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Programme Summary

30th March - DAY 1: FACT 17:00 - Launch Reception and Symposium Registration. Announcements: New postgraduate programme in Curating New Media Art, & ARC Journal for Curating and Theorising New Media Art. Colin Fallows (UK); Iliyana Nedkova (Bulgaria/UK); Chris Byrne (UK) 18:00-19:00 - Curatorial Tour of Mark Lewis exhibition "Howlin' Wolf" at FACT Galleries. Tour Host: Ceri Hand (UK)

31st March - DAY 2: Liverpool School of Art and Design 09:30 - Introductions: Colin Fallows 09:45 - Keynote: Amanda McDonald Crowley (USA) 10:30 - Moderated Question and Answer Session: Ceri Hand (UK), Moderator 11:15 - Presentations: Inke Arns (Germany); Pierre-Yves Desaive (Belgium) 12:15 - Moderated Question and Answer Session: Paul Domela (UK), Moderator 14:00 - Keynote: Charlie Gere (UK) 14:45 - Moderated Question and Answer Session: Beryl Graham (UK), Moderator 15:30 - Presentations: Francis McKee (UK); Lina Dzuverovic (UK) 16:30-17:00 - Moderated Question and Answer Session: Kathy Rae Huffman (UK), Moderator 19:00-20:00 - FACT - Presentation: Simon Worthington (UK)

1st April - DAY 3: Liverpool School of Art and Design 09:30 - Introductions: Colin Fallows 09:45 - Keynote: Trebor Scholz (USA) 10:30 - Moderated Question and Answer Session: Paul Sullivan (UK), Moderator 11:15 - Presentations: Stephen Kovats (Netherlands); Dimitrina Sevova & Alain Kessi (Switzerland) 12:15 - Moderated Question and Answer Session: Drew Hemment (UK), Moderator 14:30 - FACT - Workshop: Sarah Cook (UK/Canada) Followed by LoVid (USA) performance. 17:00 END

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Further programme details and registration: http://www.art-place-technology.org Tel +44 (0)151 2315190 E-mail APT@ljmu.ac.uk

Art-Place-Technology is hosted by the Liverpool School of Art & Design, Liverpool John Moores University in collaboration with FACT and Art Research Communication.

Supported by Arts Council England North West, Media Arts Network.

Science and Documentaries (2006 Film and History League Conference)

2006 Film and History League Conference"The Documentary Tradition" November 8-12, 2006 www.filmandhistory.org

AREA: Science and Documentaries

Filmmakers who identify themselves as documentary makers have, throughout the history of the form, made films that represent scientific themes. This can be seen to have occurred at four levels:

Where science and society touch most intimately, documentarists have often made films that represent the scientific point of view. Examples include nutrition science, public health, building design and medicine. Here we may consider some of the films of Paul Rotha, including his masterpiece World of Plenty (1943).

Documentarists have often promoted scientific and technological innovation. Many of the films of the GPO Film Unit promoting telephony are relevant here.

Documentarists have also often made films to convey scientific information or technical expertise. Many of the films of the Shell Film Unit, including the gearing film Transfer of Power (1939) or the Techniques of Anaesthesia series made by the ICI Unit during World War Two are typical of these.

Documentarists have often used =93scientific=94 theories of montage, deriving from the Russian school of Kuleshov, Eisenstein, Pudovkin et al.

In virtually all these cases there has been close collaboration between filmmakers and scientists, often to the extent of close advice on scripts, scenarios and structure. Sometimes filmmakers have expressed the view that scientific documentary is a distinct sub-genre; Edgar Anstey, for example, described the nutrition film Enough to Eat? (1936) as a scientific film made by scientists, even though he directed and produced it. In fact however, the boundary between scientific documentary and documentary in general is difficult to draw in any absolute sense; rather, definitions are specific to times and places; both scientists and filmmakers make claims about how science should be represented on the screen.

Papers are invited that explore the relations of science and documentary both in the cinema and on television.

The Film and History League conference details can be found at www.filmandhistory.org

The meeting will run from 8-12 November, 2006 in the Dolce Conference Center near the DFW airport. A spectrum of other areas will evolve on the web site over time.

Send all inquiries and proposals to

Dr Tim Boon, Head of Collections, The Science Museum, London SW7 2DD t: 020 7942 4207, f: 020 7942 4103 e: tim.boon [AT] nmsi.ac.uk

TransVision 2006: Emerging Technologies of Human Enhancement (1 March, 2006)

August 17-19, 2006 Helsinki, Finland @ University of Helsinki, Main building

Prospective presenters are invited to submit proposals for presentations or full papers for TransVision 2006, the 8th annual conference organized by the World Transhumanist Association (Finland chapter).

The focus of the conference is on emerging technologies of human enhancement. Examples of possible topics for presentations will be made available at http://transhumanismi.org/tv06/ by January 2006.

Instructions for submitting material

Include all of the following information in a two-page proposal for your presentation:

* Title of presentation * Objective(s) of the presentation * Description of the content and format (300 words or less) * Abstract (25-50 words) for inclusion in the conference program * Media to be used and audiovisual equipment needed (if any) * Designated contact person (only one per proposal) * Complete name, title, organization, address, phone and fax numbers, and e-mail address for each session presenter * Brief biographical sketch (50-100 words) of each presenter

Please submit your proposals electronically to the conference chair: Ari A. Heljakka (transvision2006 [AT] gmail.com).

After notification of acceptance of your paper, all presenters (at least one per presentation) will be required to pre-register for the conference.  Presenters not registered by June 1, 2006 will not be included in the program.

For more information, see the conference website or contact the conference chair.

Proposal selection criteria

* A clear and concise description of the proposed presentation * Relevance to conference theme and goals * Evidence of presenter experience with topic * Completion of all information requested

Important dates

Proposals due by: March 1, 2006 Notification of acceptance: May 1, 2006 Deadline for presenters to pre-register: June 1, 2006

Recording of the proceedings

Conference panels and presentations will be audiotaped/videotaped. With presenter permission some or all may be made available on the web. Presenters are also encouraged to submit accepted presentations as electronic documents to be included in the coverage on the conference website.

Publication of proceedings

You may wish to submit your full paper for consideration for publication in the Journal of Evolution and Technology or Transhumanity. The former is oriented towards more academic articles, and the latter towards more popular articles.

The Philosophy of Film: Towards an Understanding of Film as Art (15 March, 2006)

A film conference, 8th-9th June, 2006. To be held at the philosophy department of the University of Liverpool.

‘Why do people go to the cinema? What takes them into a darkened room where, for two hours, they watch the play of shadows on a sheet? The search for entertainment? The need for a kind of drug? All over the world there are, indeed, entertainment firms and organisations which exploit cinema and television and spectacles of many other kinds. Our starting point, however, should not be there.....’ Andrei Tarkovsky

Many films give us information, explanation, they please the spectator with their action, music, dialogue, scenery (and what pleases the most is commonly derived from other arts). They might be fast, slow, violent, clever, crass, driven by commerce or ideas, but rarely with an understanding of nature, of life. They distract us, discourage us from taking the medium seriously, of thinking seriously about film as a distinctive art form. The aim of this conference is to clarify film’s role, to think about and better appreciate film as art. Areas that might be of interest include:

· The role of the director · Film as philosophy · Film as an evocative art · Religious feeling and film · Film and imagination · Film and Eastern tradition · The film and its audience: contemplation versus explanation

While this conference has a philosophical focus, it is open to all those who are interested in film, aesthetics and art, whatever their position on the matter. We are looking for papers that display originality, sensitivity and imagination.

Abstracts for presentations (of no more than thirty minutes) should be submitted by email to John Adams at jadam [At] liv.ac.uk

Deadline for submissions: 15th March

Conference organisers:

John Adams (jadam [AT] liv.ac.uk) and Payal Doctor (p.doctor [AT] liv.ac.uk)

Extreme Culture/ Extreme Bodies (Feb 15, 2006)

Call for Abstracts, Chapters, and Proposals ? Deadline Extended to February 15, 2006 Since the 1990s, 'extreme' has become part of the mainstream cultural vocabulary. The American public eagerly consumes extreme cuisine, wears extreme deodorant ('energy-scented'), watches extreme television shows like Fear Factor, drives oversized extreme vehicles, practices extreme sports and signs up for extreme adventure vacations involving bungee jumping, 'high falls,' and 'fire burns.' Extreme body modification, both normative (as exemplified on the television shows Extreme Makeover and The Swan) and non-normative, has been subsumed into the mainstream media, as a form of entertainment and a marketing scheme. These carefully conceived mediated products effectively push boundaries, challenging our conceptions of beauty, deviancy, human pain thresholds, humiliation, entertainment, and leisure. Within this context, it appears that people who want to stand out have been driven to push the extreme to the extreme. Although the roots of extreme culture are counter-cultural, does the extreme body offer a way to resist the standardized, homogeneous, pre-packaged fakeness of consumer society?

The editors of Extreme Culture/Extreme Bodies seek papers on all themes exploring the body, identity, and consumption within the context of extreme culture. Both theoretical and empirical studies are invited from sociological, cultural studies, media studies, and feminist perspectives. Suggested submission topics include, but are not limited to the following themes:

  • The body and consumer culture
  • Recent trends in cosmetic surgery
  • The body within the context of extreme sports
  • Non-normative or subcultural body modification practices
  • The body as an artistic medium
  • Expressions of the extreme body in advertising and popular media
  • Embodiment within cyberspace
  • Theoretical perspectives on postmodernity, identity, and the body

DEADLINE: February 15, 2006. Chapters must be submitted in Microsoft Word format, 12 point font, double spaced. Essays should be in the range of 7500 - 10,000 words with references in ASA style. We will also consider abstracts and shorter proposals. Include a cv with your submission.

Send submissions and inquires to mary.kosut@purchase.edu

Mary Kosut, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Sociology and Media, Society, and the Arts School of Natural and Social Sciences Purchase College - SUNY Purchase, NY 10577

Elizabeth C. Bachner, Ph.D. Instructor of Sociology The New School New York, New York

FORENSIC FUTURES: INTERROGATING THE POSTHUMAN SUBJECT

Birkbeck College, Malet Street, London WC1, 16, 17 and 18 March, 2006 Convened by Rosi Braidotti, Utrecht University; Leverhulme Trust Visiting Professor, Birkbeck College.

This conference explores the shifting boundaries between life and death in contemporary culture, with special emphasis on issues of embodiment. The conference will address the proliferation of practices about ‘bio-power’ after Foucault. The common axis of reflection is biotechnology and the forms of biocapitalism that support it. On the critical side the conference will explore the forensic shift in contemporary social theory and cultural sensibility from a number of interdisciplinary perspectives. On the affirmative side, it assumes that contemporary biocitizenship affects the very being of social subjects, creating the possibility for multiple ecologies of belonging.

Speakers will include: Ian Buchanan, Claire Colebrook, Sarah Franklin, Costas Douzinas, Paul Gilroy, Steve Connor, Nicholas Rose

There will also be an Open Forum on Saturday 18 March for researchers in the early stages of their careers to present papers that are relevant to the themes of the conference. Participants are invited to submit abstracts of their presentations to Christine Weber, c.weber [AT] bbk.ac.uk, by 28 February, 2006.

For full programme and registration information please see our website or contact Christine Weber, Birkbeck Law School, 020 7631 6504. Registration £100, reduced student rate £50

e-Science: Transformations in the Conduct of Scholarship

e-Science: Transformations in the Conduct of Scholarship Special Theme Issue of the Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication

No less than a revolutionary transformation of the scientific enterprise is claimed to be underway. A plethora of phrases have been coined to describe this transformation: e-Science, e-Social Science, e-Research, cyberscience, Internet-mediated research. Whatever the term, observers assert that the very essence of science is undergoing change, particularly through employment of electronic networks and high-speed computers. The everyday procedures and practices of traditional forms of science in which most scholars engage during their professional lives are being affected by features of e-Science. Although emphasis varies, most descriptions of e-Science involve the following aspects: internationally-oriented collaboration among researchers separated by distance and using high-speed computers and Internet-based tools for managing the research enterprise; for performing data collection, archiving and analysis; and for disseminating findings.

It is timely and appropriate to critically examine these developments from the perspective of the social sciences. This theme issue of the Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication (JCMC) will consist of reflective and empirical articles that examine the basic principles and features of e-Science and analyze early initiatives emerging from this new approach to scientific investigation. Abstracts of 300-500 words are invited that consider e-Science initiatives and should be submitted by 1 November 2005. General topics relevant for consideration include: * Managing collaboration and communicating among researchers separated by distance; * Developing and using Internet-based tools for data collection, analysis and visualization of findings; * Archiving and providing access to data; * Publishing results in an electronic environment. Reflective case studies are particularly welcome based on projects emphasizing one or more of the aspects of e-Science.

Authors of selected abstracts will be invited to prepare full-length journal manuscripts (ca. 8000 words). These manuscripts will be double blind reviewed. Pending the results of the review process, up to 10 manuscripts will be selected for the JCMC theme issue scheduled for publication in January 2007. An edited book may also be prepared and include additional contributions. Below is the schedule for preparation of the issue: * 1 November 2005: Abstracts due * December 2005: Invitations to prepare manuscripts * April 2006: Manuscripts due * June 2006: Reviews sent to authors; * September 2006: Revised manuscripts submitted * January 2007: Publication of JCMC theme issue

Please direct queries regarding this call to theme issue editor Nicholas Jankowski and submit abstracts per email to: nickjan@xs4all.nl.

Nicholas W. Jankowski Radboud University Department of Communication P.O. Box 9104 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Dangerous bodies: hysteric nation-states and rational reproduction in a biomedical age

Submissions are being sought for a proposed panel for the 2006 meeting of the American Anthropological Association (to be held in San Jose, California, November 15-19, 2006). Call for Papers:

"Dangerous bodies: hysteric nation-states and rational reproduction in a biomedical age"

Biomedical interventions into pregnancy have rapidly become an expected part of the reproductive landscape for women in industrialized countries, and increasingly elsewhere as well. In the international health circuit, the provision of reproductive health services constitutes part of nation-states' claims to modernity and morality. Yet, as anthropologists have argued, biomedical definitions of "rationality," compliance, and "risk reduction" with regard to reproductive health practices may be at odds with women's own evaluations of their behavior. This panel examines the critical juncture where biomedico-statistical techniques of encouraging, defining, and enumerating "health" may conflict with, and devalue, women's understanding of their own "moral motherhood" and reproductive wellbeing. We question whether, in these moments, reproductive health care becomes less about the wellbeing of individual women and their fetuses than the reproduction of state and medical "rationality" and "morality" in the international arena.

Please submit proposed 100-word abstracts and 3-5 sentence biography including institutional affiliation to Elise Andaya (elise.andaya [AT] nyu.edu) and Alyshia Galvez (alyshia.galvez [AT] nyu.edu) by Monday, February 27, at 9am (Eastern time). The deadline for SMA invited status is Wednesday, March 1, so a quick turnaround is necessary. Submissions should be in Microsoft Word or in Adobe Acrobat attachments.

Elise Andaya New York University

World Leisure Journal

Message from Prof Ken Roberts at Liverpool University The first issue of the 2006 volume of the World Leisure Journal will be published during March. The contents of the issue are set out below.

The journal is available online to members of World Leisure .

Vol 48, 1 Editorial Obituary George Torkildsen, 22 December 1934 – 20 October 2005

Special feature Leisure: a framework for policy, Christopher R Edginton Research papers Philosophical leisure as recuperative praxis: texturing human communication, Annette M Holba An exploration of the relationships between free time management and quality of life of wage earners in Taiwan, Wei-Ching Wang and Chin’Ksung Kao The Norwegian home – way of life, way of consuming, Ragnhild Brusdal Service quality measures: recreationists’ perceptions of US Pacific Northwest National Forests, Robert C Burns and Alan R Graefe News and notices World Leisure elects new board members Upcoming events Book review J T Haworth and A J Veal, eds, Work and Leisure, Routledge, London, 238pp, reviewed by Francis Lobo

The World Leisure Journal is the official refereed journal of World Leisure. It has a large, worldwide and otherwise diverse readership composed of researchers, scholars, educators, policy-makers and managers in the commercial, public and voluntary sectors, who work in the arts, the media, sport, tourism, community recreation, therapeutic recreation and other specific fields, and in leisure in general.

The journal’s policy is to publish papers that will be of interest to this readership. Authors are necessarily from particular countries and particular academic disciplines, and often have special interests and expertise in the arts, sport, tourism etc, but can still have important things to say that are relevant to the entire readership. We publish papers arising from narrowly-focused research projects where the findings and conclusions are of much wider interest alongside theoretical contributions where the arguments are relevant to people working in any of the various fields of leisure and whatever the country. The journal also publishes state of the art reviews dealing with specific forms of leisure, the leisure of particular socio-demographic groups, or leisure in particular countries or world regions. The journal also welcomes reviews of the state of leisure research and teaching in particular countries or groups of countries. Contributions are welcome from authors in cognate (to leisure) fields such as health, migration, family and youth studies, and criminology. Offers of sets of papers addressing a common issue or topic, possibly arising from workshops or conferences, are also welcome.

The papers selected for publication are typically 3500-6000 words in length but the journal will also consider shorter research notes, contributions to debates and responses to papers in previous issues, plus occasional longer contributions where the content and relevance to the readership justify the length.

Authors are encouraged to submit by email.

The anonymous review process will be assisted if authors submit initial copies of their manuscripts with all author-identifiable passages and references removed. Please inform the editor-in-chief if such material has been edited-out of the copy submitted.

Upon acceptance of the article for publication, authors should submit by email or on disk the final copy of the work with any revisions, plus short (100 word max) author bios. Contact address: Professor Ken Roberts AcSS, Editor-in-chief, World Leisure Journal, Department of Sociology, Social Policy and Social Work Studies, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool L69 7ZA, England. Email: wlj [AT] liverpool.ac.uk Phone: 44 (0)151 794 2971 Fax:  44 (0)151 794 3001

HOME, National Theatre of Scotland launch

Yesterday, I attended one of the Home shows taking place in the east end of Glasgow. The performance was located outdoors based in a tower block. Performers included Billy Boyd, of former hobbit fame, and the entire evening coincided with 9 other performances around Scotland that similarly launched the NTS. I cannot imagine any stronger commitment to bringing theatre into the community, as an attempt to represent more inclusive aspirations. The performance was accessible and engaging given the context.

Wonderland Magazine and This Sporting Life

A month or so back, I interviewed for Wonderland magazine for a feature on Sport and Technology. At the time, it felt like just another interview, but I have now learned that Wonderland exists as a result of funding from the tv programme The Dragon's Den. If you take a look at the magazine's website, it really looks like a wonderful piece of work with great attention to design. Having seen one episode of The Dragon's Den, it makes it all the more interesting to have been a part of this one!

Web Lecture from Torino

While in Torino for the Games, I gave a lecture via some new software we are piloting at the University. Thanks to Kris, Boris and Robert for making this happen. After the death of one laptop and impossible firewalls at the Media Center, British Columbia Canada Place was really the only option. Thanks also to Daniel who convinced the pc to play ball. Andy Miah gives a remote university lecture

Originally uploaded by bmann.

Glasgow School of Art

Here I am sitting with 3 students from the GSA talking about the merits of wordpress and how it can provide many more facilities compared with other blogs. Kris, you have convinced me that this is worthwhile and I even went pro with Flick and I even talked about your work in the lecture. How much more of a rock star does that make you feel?

Back from Torino

I returned from the Torino 2006 Games yesterday with the finger wagging advice of the Bryght guys. So here I am. I want to use this place to gradually replace the static look of my website. It would be nice to post all the material I usually include within my website here. Frequently, new elements of my website don't fit into any other research blogs I write, so this should be where all that goes. In essence then, this should give an impression of my week to week activities rather than function as a snapshot of my life.

The Value of an Open Future: Ability, Talent Identification & Genetic Determinism (2006)

The Value of an Open Future: Ability, Talent Identification & Genetic Determinism (2006)

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Rich, E. & Miah, A. (2006) The Value of an Open Future: Ability, Talent Identification & Genetic DeterminismSport, Education & Society, 11(3), 259-273.

Our conclusions have particular relevance given the recent statement developed by WADA in its Stockholm Declaration (2005). Moreover, the recent inquiry into ‘Human Enhancement Technologies in Sport’ launched by the British Government Science and Technology Select Committee (2006) raises questions about how enhancing technologies are characterised. In the context of genetic testing, enhanced athletes could emerge simply by selecting positively for more efficient genetic capacities. Yet, there is no regulatory framework for such use despite the recent discouragement from WADA. We argue that genetic testing for performance can transform the way that ability is understood, measured and evaluated within the curriculum. We would draw a cautionary note that when read uncritically, the notions of ability underpinning such genetic testing can lead to forms of determinism which may become yet another way in which we monitor, regulate and measure children. Such forms of monitoring, regulating and surveying the body can be problematic for many young people, as is the case with practices around weight loss, physical activity and health in schools, currently associated with an ‘obesity epidemic’ (see Evans et al., 2004; Rich et al., 2004; Gard & Wright, 2005; Rich, 2005). This has led to the emergence of new orthodoxies within the school curriculum, relating to the body (size, shape), health and self (Evans et al., 2004), which can ironically do a great deal of damage to the embodied identities and health of the young people it targets.

Indeed, our case embodies the challenge alluded to by Delanty (2002) whose radical constructivist view on the new genetics warns of the vulnerability of social critiques on genetics to the power of technological determinism His urging for less dualism on society and nature helps to situate our debate in the context of contested definitions of ability and the practices within which these definitions are played out. The ways in which genetic testing might come to feature as a normalised and legitimate tool for differentiation may compromise what can be asserted as a young person’s right to an open future (Feinberg, 1980) in relation to physical activity opportunities and their rights as learners. As such, we suggest that, at most, genetic tests should be used as a way of shaping advice about training rather than influencing the kind of sport a child decides to undertake. However, our proposal requires the athlete and coach to put aside the primacy of results as a core determinant of investment into talent."

Rethinking Enhancement in Sport (2006)

Rethinking Enhancement in Sport (2006)

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Miah, A. (2006) Rethinking Enhancement in Sport, in Bainbridge, W.S. and M.C. Roco Progress in Convergence, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol, 1093, pp.301-320.

"Each of the issues and effects that have been discussed are imbued with sim- ilar philosophical concerns about the human condition and the degree to which enhancement technology can alter it. The ethical debate must take into account the risks to vulnerable groups, such as children or athletes who enhance be- cause they feel coerced and the liberties of adults who make lifestyle decisions about body modification (Miah 2005b). Yet, it must also consider the limits of ethical policy making within the world of sport and the relationship of this to broader structures of ethical governance within society. When considering what should be the strategy for anti-doping officials in relation to gene doping, it is necessary to return to fundamental questions about the value of sport, consider how these values might have changed, and recognize the broader bioethical context within which decisions about medical technology are made. This requires that elite sports organizations reevaluate established systems of rewarding excellence, in order to promote a moral climate in sport that takes into account inherent natural and social inequalities, which are constitutive of sports practices.

The conceptual framework of technological effects is useful for (a) establish- ing how ethical issues arise in the context of technological change, (b) clarifying the interrelatedness of effects arising from any one technology, and (c) reveal- ing that the debate surrounding enhancement as a doping infraction is only one component of a broader relationship between sport and technology. The two case studies that have been discussed are perhaps the most controversial ex- amples within anti-doping debates presently. Unlike performance-enhancing drugs, they do not encounter the same forms of resistance and, as such, the moral evaluation of them is unclear. I have suggested that more instances of human enhancement technologies are likely to emerge in sport, which further stretch the capabilities of restrictive approaches to such use. As human enhancements become a constitutive element of broader social circumstances— and as enhanced adults give birth to similarly enhanced children—the concept of enhancement and of the natural human will become even more difficult to sustain. In such a future, sports authorities might still attempt to protect a particular way of life for an athlete, though athletes—as humans—might no longer see either the need or the relevance."

Empty Stadia but Lots of Passion

In case you missed it, Torino's slogan is 'Passion Lives Here' and it certainly does seem true. Yesterday, we spent 3 hours queuing for the 400 tickets to the medal plaza that were made available for free to anyone. In the end, we missed out by about 20 places, but the experience was enlightening. Many of the people in the queue seemed more aware of and interested in the artist who would be performing, than the athletes who would be receiving medals. That night, the first, it was Andrea Boccelli, so the italians were particularly passionate about obtaining tickets. A few arguments broke out and people soon became strategic in their attempt to obtain a ticket. We overheard some people talking about buying them from others and a couple of times, we saw people offer their tickets to others.

The frustration came in the evening when seeing many of the seats empty. It is clear that the sale of tickets does not rate particularly highly for an organising committee, but it seems that it would be wonderful to avoid these situations, which seem to happen over and over again.

I think today, we will go direct to the Plaza in the evening and see if we can benefit from someone's generosity. Who can spend 3hrs queuing in Olympic Fortnight? I'm just glad i had my LifeDrive and a stack of reading.

Doping in Torino

I am writing from the Torino Media Centre within the City after having read and heard a lot more about Repoxygen. Over the last few days, there have been a number of journalists getting in touch wanting to find out about this. On Thursday, I interviewed for the Canadian Broadcast Corporation's evening news. I spoke with Tom Harrington, whom I first met in Toronto when Genetically Modified Athletes came out. It's so good to speak to Tom, as he is genuinely interested in the broader philosophical questions that the development in technology provokes. I am also interviewing for CBC's The Hour on Monday, which will take place at the Main Media Centre in Torino. From what I have seen, doping has been high on the news agenda for Torino. There still seems a lot of confusion about whether genetic doping is taking place and there are no confirmed cases. However, there does seem to be a lot of uncertainty about the circumstances here, which is quite different from Athens where nearly no discussions emerged during Games time about whether gene doping might be happening.

From what I have read, there is also less clarity about how best to deal with genetic doping. While WADA and others wish to treat it as just another form of doping, i believe that there is also a philosophical uncertainty about the future of doping and its bearing on humanity. This ambiguity relates to the broader changes within society through technology. In the end, we appear to live within a culture of enhancement and, in this environment, the relevance of prohibiting genetically modified athletes is weakened. All that remains is the medical interest to protect its integrity and the safety of athletes.

If any journalist would like to call me for interview while in Torino, I can be contacted on:

0034 6365 0302