Scotland on Sunday profile

A couple of weeks ago, the Scotland on Sunday published a 4-page profile piece about my work. It was written by the awesome Anna Burnside, with whom I've been in dialogue about my research for a few years. It's a really lovely article and a real privilege to have given so much space to explain what I do. It's certainly the most in depth and personal examination of my background, motives and interests. Here's the link to the full piece. The portait was taken by an amazing photographer called Ian MacNicol, who turns out to be (we think) the only Scotland based photographer accredited at the London 2012 Olympic Games. Small world!

Launch of James Martin Institute, Oxford University (2006, March)

Oxford forumOxford forum    1 Wednesday    2 Tom Kirkwood    2 Rally curing aging: the other sociological obstacle    4 Aubry DNJ de Grey    4 Jay Olshansky    5 How would you assess current aging research, and the prospects for significant breakthroughs in any of its major branches    5 Extending Life Span: Scientific prospects and political obstacles    7 Richard Miller    7 Discussant    9 Paul Hodge    9 Sarah Harper and Kenneth Howse    11 Is more life always a good thing?    11 Stronger?    14 Ellen Heber-Katz    15 Stem cell research and its ethical considerations in china    16 Pei Xuetao, Beijing institute of transfusion medicine, stem cell research center    16 Thursday    19 Cognitive Enhancement    19 Nick    19 Happier    21 Susan Greenfield    21 Professor Lord Richard Layard    23 nick baylis    23 Donald bruce    23 Fairer?    25 Enhancement and Fairness,    25 Julian Savulescu    25 When /if Longer, faster strong, smarter life is happier: reflectins on slower, sustainable and more inclusive life experiences    28 Anil Gupta    28 Gregor Wolbring    29 Enhancement, Justice and rights: immortality    29 John Harris    29 Utility pets    31 Elio caccavale    31 Governable?    31 Baroness Sally Greengross    31 Suzi Leather    32 Creativity and Governance    32 Christopher Newfield    32

Wednesday

845-1030

Tom Kirkwood Oeppen and Vaupel, Science, 2002 – shows continuing  increasee in life expectancy

Idea that ageing is genetically programmed is fundamentally wrong -    illustrated in 1950-s – david lack – zoology in oxford: wild animals never show any intrinsic sign of ageing, because they die young – do not have a chance to become old

thus, no potential…

peter medawa and george Williams

selection shadow – animals die young because environment is dangerous – don’t need to grow old

disposable soma theory – Kirkwood, nature 1977 -    animals invest only what they see to be necessary to remain competitive

how much should animals bother in maintaining and repair

shouldn’t talk about natural selection in these terms

geens make choices

dawkins – imperative on genes

regardless of thesis, realities exist

how much invest in reproducing or repairing

there is no genetic programme for ageing. We age because in evol past…

ageing process model

age related frailty, disability, and disease – accumulation of cellular defects, caused by random molecular damage

build bridges between biomedical and social sciences -    because we know influ of environment

we know that healthy lifestyle and food can affect this

malleiability of the ageing process -    by decreasing exposure to damage (nutrition, lifestyle, environment) -    enhance natural mechanisms for protection and repairt ( nutrition, novel drugs, stem cell)

traditional view of ageing -    is biololgically determined with inbuilt limit -    progressive, irreversible capacity -    ageing distinct phase of life style -    disases of ageing distinct from intrinsic underlying processes of healthy ageing

dismiss the first -    we are programmed for survival not death -    ageing intrinsically malleable -    youth and age are continuum -    intrinsic ageing and many age related diseases share common underlying

successes and limitations – managing expectations -    current success o    good ustdg, but more to learn o    beginnings of ustdg of underlying mechanisms of ageing and age relationship disease o    can modify longevity in some animal models – fruit fly, etc – but in nearly every case is uncertain -    Current limitations o    V little evidence for effecicaly of drug/nutraceutical effects o    Cannot yet perform successful gene therapy for well-defined targets such as cystic fibrosis o    Cannot yet perform successful stem cell therapy for well defined targets o    Potential future discussions largely speculative and unacceptable in other biomedical spheres

Meeting

Education and public engagement- education and professional training -    expand research capacity in ageing science -    inc professions and industry

Public engagement- government

Public engagement – Citizens -    challenge and change negative atts to ageing

Ageing: scientific Aspects – select committee publication from last year

Rally curing aging: the other sociological obstacle Aubry DNJ de Grey

Strategies for engineered Negligle Senescene (SENS)

Jbs haldane, 1963

Four stages of acceptance i)    worthless nonsense…

Arthur c Clarke

New ideas pas through three periods Tom Kirkwood

The rejuvenation dividend: the precepts -    stretching frailty is v hard, luckilty -    the faster we delay frailty without stretching it, the fewer people wil be frail o    rate, not extent, of progress is key -    partial repair gives more delay than partial prevention o    how achieve? – eg. Someone aged a lot, only so much we can do – concept of reserve: amount of additional damage your body can afford to accumulate before things go wrong.  How help: start sooner – be healthy earlier; -    when a plausible rate of medical progress is presumed o    even better repair is possible!

Promising progress or arrogant nonsense

Embo reports 2005 nov 6,(11) 1006-=1008 -    None of us believes tht plans to ‘engineer’ the body to prevent ageing indefinitely or to turn old people young again have the remotest chance to success’

Reasons given for dismissing SENS -    is unscientific: ‘ easily recognized as a pretence by those -    ‘nnoneof pthe sens] -    T

Technology and science differe in how they best evaluate evidence -    goal: powered flight. Solutions? o    Engineer vs scientist

Scientists way of analyzing evidence is misapplied in context of technological goal

‘if an expet cant explain something in his field to an educated laymen…’

the sens challenge with MIT Technology review – www.technologyreview.com -    offered $20,000 to discredit de Grey – open to any molecular -    editor of technology review thought high profile panel -    panel is: craig venter, rod brooks, Nathan myrvhold, vikram kumar, anita goel -    two entries submitted, another threatened

sens is following Gandhi -    firs tthey ignore you -    then they laugh ay ou -    then they oopose you -    then they say they were with you all along

de grey, adnj, embro Reports 2005; 6(11): 1000 -    offer no apology for using media interest in llife extn to make the biologiyt of ageing an exception to planck’s observation that science advances funeral by funaeral, lives lots of them, are at stake

life extension not just science, a biomedical prob too

causes considerable suffering

spoke

himsworht and goldacre, 1999, bmj, 319: 1138-1339 -    the older you are, the healthier you’ve been (Perls)

Jay Olshansky How would you assess current aging research, and the prospects for significant breakthroughs in any of its major branches

(background in sociology, but leading biodemographers) now at Uni of Illinois

was at US President’s council in 2002 on ageing

in answer to that, prefer question

can we justify theattempts to slow ageing and how?

answerL yes:

March ‘The Scientist’ -    co author with Daniel perry, Richard a miller, Robert n. butler

if can extend healthy life, it would pay longevity dividends, far in excess of anything we could imagine, for indivs and nations

ME: how nations?

Brendon Mayer – editor support for scientist publication

Rationale for pursuing the ‘longevity dividend’ is already in place -    current medical model will not work in long run

current medical model -    biological limit to life

pharmaceutical industry

surgical procedures

early detection of disease

already commited ourselves emotionally, financially to extending lifelonglearning

the value of life at every age -    we value it at every age

by  slowing aging we willl do what no drug, surgical procedure, or behaviour modification can ever do – extend your years of youthful vigor and simiulatenously postpone all t costly, disably, and legal conditions expressed at later ages

‘in pursuit of the longeviry dividend’ – TITLe

operative word is: DELAY

not searching for fountain of youth

not proposing transformation of older people to younger

not stopping or reversing aging process

the words, ‘stopping’ and ‘reversing’ should not be in vocabulary

not dramatic extension of duration of lifelonglearning

‘pursuing health extension’ -    improvement in public health -    extension of period of youthful health and vigor -    reductions in frailyy and disability at all ages

if we succeed in delaying aging, bonuses will likely be extn of life and dramatic….

Target -    7 year delay in boil process of ageing

why 7? -    it tooko 100 yrs for the total mortality risk of a 74… -    Olshanksy, carnes and grahn, 1998 – confronting t boundaries… -    Brody, 1983, prospects for an ageing population, nature -    The7 is associated with great impact to reduce everything associatd with ageing by half

Longevity dividend -    calling on congres to invest 3 biillion dollars annually o    dividends •    compression of mortality and morbidity •    reduction in age-specific risk of all diseases •    reduction health care costs •    inc indiv and national wealth •    benefits will occur for lifespan and across generations •    health and economic benefits will exceed elimination of cancer or hearth disease

if we don’t do this?

For those pushing immortality – this is how you would start doing it

Don’t want people making it too old age extremely frail

Extending Life Span: Scientific prospects and political obstacles Richard Miller

ME: first says should not talk about radical etension,

Traditional approach to medical research – one disease at a time

But conquering one cancer, for eg, would have limited yield

Antiaging interventions. Solid facts -    seer caloric restriction increases mean and maximal life span in mice -    with ex they get old later

now 10 gene mutations that can accomplish same effect

other mutants with lover igf-1 levels also live longer than controls -    dogs too: low igf-1 and long life span

treat later life diseases as a group

ageing can be delayed by two diets and by each of > 9 genes, in laboratory animals that repsont o many of the same drugs and hormones that we do

ME: comments that those making biggest claims about extension get headlines

Longevity projectopn: the reality Based ™ approach -    calorific rstriction: 30-40% -    small dogs: 40% -    methionine..

thesis: the obstacles to finding a ‘cure’ for aging are 85% political and 15% scientific

research on the ageing process -    for every $100 us congress spends on medical, 6cents goes to ageing

why haven’t we cured aging yet? (ie learned how to slow) -    most ‘public’ gerontologist are crackpots and who wants to hang out with that sort of person?

We don’t want to be associated – gi

Eg. Deepak Chopra DHEA Growth Hormne Mealtonin Miracle

This is clearly a scheme for making money

Why haven’t we cured ageing yet?- -= is viewed (incoorectly) as incurable

voters relatives died of some diseas, os diseassa have lobbies, so congress spends money on diseases

aging research lobby v small

drugs that actually slow aging cannot be tested in time to show a profit within the ceo’s lifetime

drugs purported to slow aging are highly profitable even though they don’t work

a poiticaian who wants to conquer cancer or conquer aids is a hero

a politician who wants to slow aging is a nut case

people don’t unstd that quickest way to help diseas

socioo of science

scientists follow money

young scientist follow high tech and need papers NOW, alas key biogerontology expts are often low tech and take a few years

to be honest, it’s not that easy to cure..

gerontologiphobia n: a syndrome charac by a fea of what antiaging might do to soc

‘how far could we go. Too far is one possible answer…like drunks with drink, enough is…

the ‘lynch’ position -    ‘stop research on aging because we don’t want t world to fill up with old people’ -    ethical

if presented to people 200 yrs ago – would people say we don’t want insulin, etc

ethically when:

a)    me only b)    well ok, you too c)    but not them. We don’t want the world to fill up with old people, now do we.

Discussant Paul Hodge

Thanks peter healey

Baby boomers Nothing done after this

2005 whitehouse conference dec 14, was asked to testify on policy issues and mentioned baby boomers, but first point was longevity

Questions and Answers

Question from Scot: key issues is delay, but if can do repair, that is better. Why isn’t repair possible?

Jaye: similar concept to Aubrey

Aubrey: difference are to do with feasibility of approaches.

Alex Kalasha from WHO: was at whitehouse conf and disappointing that such advanced nation presented such a poor public debate around science. How optimistic are you with the $3billion?

Jaye: agree with Bob Butler’s conclusion that we need to be ambitious. Buit relative to amount of money on medicaare - $300billion, going ater one disease at a time, is miniscule. This is just the beginning of full court press to go after aging in a much more aggressive way thant we have gone after diseases previously

Tom: must be more connectivity between science and political/social agenda. I don’t think we are saying same thing. I think Aubrey is trying to generate enthusiasm that sidesteps practical problems facing problem. We all want the science to come through, but it doesn’t serve any usefl purpose to extrapolate beyond immediate. No great exptn about extn but might change profile of health.trying to find better way to age, and if that leads to life extension, that’s great.

Jay: aging research should appeal to people. Same goes for why should talk about delay rather than sudden immortaility

Aubrey: cross agency cooperation. In my own work, many exptl scientists not gerontologisty, many working on repair and regeneration technology. Not simply lines on graphs but collaborations. On political side, emphasise that actually it’s perfectly ok to have signif life extn as side benefit to addressing frailty and decline.

Chaotics, Philidelphiaa.: historical  fallacy, several speakers say we are in a special age. Food, etc. no reason to believe we are in any special time or place. In time of Copernicus, Einstein, etc, every time is special. Advances occurring no diff. Aubrey pointed out max planck’s progress thesis, but he might have chosen Voltaire: I have only made but one prayer…please render my enemies ridiculous, and

Donald Bruce: some speakers mentioned the ‘sales pitch’. What is real in this debate? Question of Shakespeare 7 ages of sans…. All the idea of whatever it is you will do, must have so many things right all at once. Getting one or two bits right not enough. Seems a matter of belief rather than evidence.

Tom: how do you know you wont mke things worse? The rate of progress on research on aging is quite slow. Need to know aims and objectives and priorities. You might say it’s a terrible thing to die of heart disease, but it is quick and if solve, then will leave vulnerable to other degenerative diseases, such as alzheimers etc. it is an imp q.

XX: imp but not answerable in rational way 20 years ago, but middle part of talk was about that. What is evidence. By delaying, one does create animals which postpone, together, these diseases.tf, hypothetical worries about creating people that might have other probs is imp, but are ways that we can begin this.

Jay: what happens if we don’t intervene.

11-1200

Lecture Theatre 5 Sarah Harper and Kenneth Howse Is more life always a good thing?

Sarah: I am an anthropologist by training, interested in demographic and social. Kenneth has a philosophy background.

Discuss both extending max life span, but also extending normal active healthy life span for everyone in world.

IT is better for everyone to live slightly longer than a few much longer.

Now have 4 or 5 generations alive at same time.

Kenneth

2 scenarios -    on one side, Jay, Richard and Tom: best prospect of reducing burden of ill health is to go straight for biology of aging -    everyone endorsed that and concerned to get across to you that this was a good thing, otherwise stick with what current medicine can offer, which is not so useful. -    They suggested that nobody would argue against this -    Next to this, is Aubrey’s ideas:

Must consider continuities and discontinuities of these 2 projects.

Not just a feasibility debate. Must confront gerontophobia

I will lay out the case on behalf of gerontophobia

The question Richard miller flagged up is one that a lot of people have taken very seriously

For eg. Jay mentioned US President’s Council Beyond Therapy, they said ‘let’s suppose we can double life expectancy’ would it be a good thing? General conclusions of that report were mainly sceptical. Commissions report did not come down on one side.

ME: should it have? I don’t think this was its remit. Would we have wanted it to? Public debate. Ethical engagement.

Does Jay’s commitment lead to Aubrey’s vision.

ME: we continually refer to Aubrey’s view in a same way to how we refer to Huxley’s

David Sarfadi, Chaotics: husband of working scientist, when they go into lab, don’t have goal to double lifespan of mouse, for instance. You are altering genes that have effects. Don’t choose which route, it’s what the science renders. If scientist thought was bad idea, would have to kill mouse and tell nobody. Never happens, usually scientist runs to NYT. Society will deal with those choices. Always be confronted with maximal of possibility.

Kenneth: but policy makers decide how much we pay.

David: capital will demonstrate: private funders will begin.

Kenneth: in Europe, worry of inequalities

Bill Baingridge, national science foundation: certainly rtrue that long term goals do shape funding. Rhetoric is that start up companies is on short term goals rather than longer term ones.

XX: do not find 2 approaches mutually exclusive. They will feed each other.

Evelyne Bull, ox student.

Kenneth: if I say yes to Jay, am I committed to Aubrey?

Sarah: public privte us Europe divide.

Raphael Ramirez, oxford: advising on patenting. If life becomes a bnusiness, acceptability of that differes. Nobel prize winner in ox who said whoever igns TRIPS agreement, signed death warrant of tens of thousands of Africans. Human rights vs property rights. Even today can patent mouse in USA. Who owns the findingsa. Is it a good thing? What criteria and ‘for whom’. Who frames this? Not good for some poor somalian.

Kenneth: choice as indiv and collectively.

Rachel Hurst, disability and human rights: assumnption that health is absence of disease and disability. I don’t agree. Whichever side we go down, we need to recog that is humans that we are talking about and are they going to be contained. Whatever way you choose, does it matter, if retaining ethical premise that are dealing with human beings.

Sue (Oxford): assumption that longer means happier.

Anil Gupter: is strongter, etc a better life. Health not absense of sickness, it is well-being.  What is a good thing? When communities.  Society not appreciated handicaps of those who do not see those of others.

ME: allocation of resources as assertion about what is happiness.

Robin Hanson, Economist: often float into abstractions. Prospect of doubling. We have already doubled our lifespan.

ME: is is thte same kind of doubling. Is doubling the issue?

Question: disting ‘whether’ from ‘what if’. Policy has tendency to react to convergent of diff hells. What are hells and heavens in traking this forward.

Donald Bruce: anthropology: what is our ustdg of the human.  Premise is based on functional part of us.  Diminished view of human. I was once on a sci fi programme – ‘what would it be like to live forever’ what do you do after 2000 years. Ok, stupid scenario. Fact that prince charles not king at his age, phenomenon exponential in this situation.

Sarah: finality, goals, - must keep that within human condition. Mustn’t negate that side.

ME: a ritual death?

Question: reproductive span should go to 80-90 yrs old.

Wolfgang Luca: don’t think will hit 9billion level of population, because birthrate decline. Glad that reproduction has been added to reproduction. Why gerontophobia is with diffciculty of imagining.  If assume 3-4 yrs inc per decade, then in west Europe, third of entire population above 80. Prob for legal pension. V little poss for change. Life expectancy goes beyond state increase in retirement age.

Jerry Rav, JMI: is there a culture where is accepted for people to dcide when to go. People in good health.

Gupter: in border of west Bengal and Bangladesh, is custom that go to forest and death by tiger eating you is most devine death.

Sarah: aboriginal – indivs do decide that burden they place on society means they should die. But these are problematic discussions.

James (JMI): by what criteria do we measure a good life. Having discussion about people as indivs planning to life extend as long as poss. Not sure psychologically a good idea. People make choices that involve a whole range of issues. One of obvious techniques of life extension is constrained calorifgic intake – opposite side of prob with obesity. Raises prob. People make choices in that context – taking too much, which makes you live less. These are issues of preventative medicine and public health. People don’t choose to make choices. Am I reasding this issue of calorific intake right. Biggest medical issue at moment is absolute opposite of that.  Food and life choices and risk taking in a social context.

Kenneth: fair amount of disagreement

James: healthcare funding so stilted towards treatement rather than preventionl

??: if we’re right about fertility decline in developing countries, major prob not aging but reproduction.

Srah: various myths about aging. By 2050 2 billion people in developing nations over 50.. not just a developed world problem.

Bill SharpE:  continuity/discontinuity thesis.  Systemic prob. Community in formation here. Contention over goals. None of them know degree of continuity between 2 goals. They are self admitting that we cant tell. Is it worth it? Clearly yes. I have had pleasure watching parents move into 90s. every year has been worth it for them. Only issue is when problems become insurmountable. Tigers as good as some alternatives. Living and learning has indefinite pleasure and learning. Gandhi: live as if you die tomorrow and learn as if you will live forever.

Kahn, oxford:  main issue arising for devle countries. What would be the healthy life expectancy, not expectancy at all.

Michael Morrison, Uni of Nottingham: medical and social ideas of health. Strong strteam of technological determinism.

1300-1500

Stronger? Chair: Zhanfeng Cui

Ellen Heber-Katz

Regrowth of tissue

Tissue remodelling during regeneration

DL Stocum

Transfer cells across scar tissue

If can identify cell might be able tccccccccccccccccc

Kevin Warwick

I, Robot with Will Smith

Last implant was chip into nervous system. 100 electrodes fired into medial nerve in left arm – 10,000 nerve fibres, receive sensory signals.

Not as reported in guardian that fits into top pocket, but it was fired into nervous system. Each pin is 1.5mm long. Nerve fibres are 3.5-4mm in diameter.

What could we do with it.

Link with computer

Human senses 5% of world around them – stats from CERN.

ME: how is this different from extra sensory experience through drug use?

Ultra sonic and infrared

What is difference between tv having it and you having it, ethically?

Future of research

With wife, did direct telegraphic nervous system link – brain to brain

Remaining humans will be sub-set.

Stem cell research and its ethical considerations in china Pei Xuetao, Beijing institute of transfusion medicine, stem cell research center

Selfrenewal (Extensive or unlimited) Clonal Multilineage differentation Plasticity Engraftment and repopulation

Stem cells can undergo self-renewal

Stem cells – foundation of regenerative medicine

Big problem with aging in china

Number of stem cell and regen med research projects funded by NSFC annually from 199-2005

Two projects for stem cell research and another two projects for tissue engi neering supported by t Chinese national key project of basic research

Ethical considerations of human embryonic stem cells big issue now

Basic principles of life ethics -    respect, non-mal, beneficience, justice

use of stem cell technology -    replaceable tissues/organs -    repair defective cell types -    gene therapy -    chemotherapy -    drug discover -    tumour therapy

ethical debate – i: derivation of ESCs -    harvesting es cells destroys t blastocyst -    ‘this is murder’ -    how to think about embryo, t dispute tht if embryo is a living life has become focus question on each side of dispute

human life, hnumanbeing or human person

definition of personhood - conscio0usly performing personal acts elmi

worldwide cloning research legislation

illegal in china

ethical debate III -    any kinds of

etihical debate in chona -    gov: against reprod cloning, support therapeutic -    scientist: balance sci freedom with erthical constraint public: hESC should not be banned Confucian: human embryo not a person Buddhistic: reincarnation occurs at birth

Ethical Guidelines and regulations for Human ES cell research in china Promiulagated by the ministroy of sc I and technology

Principled stance of china gov -    support biotech -    acknowl and observe international basic principle -    banning human clopning

image of person standing by wal with shadow projecting. At top of wall is apple. Person is reaching for it.

Human Assistance/Function Augmentation/Capability Enahncement by Robotic Advanced Technologies Nagoya University Toshio FUKUDA

Safety, security health -    environment, daily life, war and terrorism, product, health, ITS, communication, plant

Transition of work area -    manufacturing industry -    sensing, recognition, adaptation, learning, security -    service industry o    medical robot o    care robot o    transfer system o    security o    competition (RoboCup, Sport)

Humanoid Robot Vs

Rehabilitation Robot

Society in 21st century

Comfortable space using Robot Technology and Information Technology - in home or

human support technology 1.    physical support, sensory/actuation augmentation 2.    skill support; dexterity/experience, language 3.    intelligence support, information, communication, knowledge, augmentation, enhancement, decision making

human machine symbiosis 1.    cell level 2.    human and unit level (arm leg) 3.    multi human and indiv level (multirobot) 4.    organic device level (stomach, heart) 5.    human and indiv level (one to one) 6.    network level (multi robot and multihuman through network)

Robots: WE4, SAYA, KISMET, CRF1

CRF3 -    quiz, Questions and Answers -    email retrieval -    reaction of touch sensor

communication with CRF multi-scale bio-operations

engineering, bio, medical

Summary: stronger? -    human friendly robnotic technology to be advanced ofr aged society -    physical/skill/intelligence supports realizable in near future -    domains for applications: experts in medical and others. Daily life support for disabled and aged -    usage: depends on human decision back to society

natika XXX: amazement and alarm; only available to only those who can afford it

Donald bruce:

Norton, uni of dankstedt: interested in japan and robotics. What do you think about Kevin warwick. You want to make robots work for us, he wants to be one. Who is better off?

Response:

The Nature of Human Natures?

Chair: James Tansey James Hughes, James J.

Lee Silver

Thursday

845-1030

Smarter?

Cognitive Enhancement Nick

Forms of enhancing intelligence

Stimulants (Lee and Ma, 1995) Nutrients and hormones (Martinez and Kesner 1991) Cholinergic agonists (McGaugh and Petrinoc 1995, Levin 1992, Buccafusco, et al 1995) Piracetam famly Ampakines Consolidation enhancers

Learning enhancement for unlearning phobias and addictions (Pittman 2002; hall 2003)

Animal models

Genetic enhancement of memory

Pre- and perinatal enhancement -    giving choline supp to pregnant rats improves performance of pups (Meck, Smith and Williams 1987; Mellott et al 2004)

external software and hardware enhancements

multielectrode recordings from more than 300 electrodes (Nicolelis et al 2003, Carmena et al 2003, Shenoy et al 2003) Kennedy and Makay 1998 Alteheld et al 2004, von Wild et al 2002

Uploading Neuromorphic engineering Classical AI

Psychopharmacology of cognitive enhancement Dr Danielle Turner, Uni of Cambridge

An espresso at three in the morning is just so last year, article form Stephen Phillips (THES, last week)

Most people engage with some form of enhancement almost every day

Effective cognitive enhancement for patients -    quality of life -    benefits to patient, family, society

drugs as tools to investigate how the normal brain works

to improve cognitio0n in healthy indivs for eg -    military

one-touch tower of London planning task

modafinil

Questions and Answers

Daniel Reynolds

Jennifer Swift

Lucy Kimble, SAID: will robots be smart enough to bring up children

James Tansey – ‘dyfunctional’ people often are most high performing Joel: why would an athlete want to use modafinil?

Danielle: when Kelly white took, was not a specifically banned substance. Not sure if would enhance. Perhaps makes less impulsive.

Question

Danielle: first time take Ritalin, performance improves. Only helps in novel situation. When familiar, it drops.

Chris, nanotech, Santa Barbera: cognitive effects of hockey stick (graph curve)

David Wood (Scottish, mobile phone industry)

Alfred nordmann – nordmann@phil.tu-darmstadt.de

Happier

Susan Greenfield

Healthier and longer lives Increased leisure Expectation of happiness

The thin line…between therapy and lifestyle

Drugs work by -    increasing chemical messewnger (speed) -    slow down removal (cocaine) -    empty stores (ecstacy) -    block it acting (trancquiliers) -    act as imposter (heroin) -    making trarget more /less sensitive (addiction)

cure for life experiences -    flu -    feeling blue -    about to pig-out -    moody -    shy -    need energy? -    Too much energy -    Stupid

Taking a drug might not make you better

Efficacy of smart drug determined by baseline – ie more XX your attention more effective they willl be

So called transhumanist idea probc

Difference between well-being and happiness

Depression -    if medicate, not making them ecstatically happy -    outside world remote -    colourless -    emptionally numb -    little movement -    anhedonia

opposite of this ‘active happiness’

screen induced as well as drug induced – plays some computer game footage.

Are we going to live in this cyberworld which will not giove us the kind of happiness that we really want

Total abandonment

Susan Greenfield – Tomorrow’s People

Alleviation of suffering Active abandonment Fulfilment

Options -    Techno-ism: no indiv, no fulfilment -    Fundamentalism: fulfilment, no individual -    Consumerism: indiv, no fulfilment -    ..or we could use to development new technology o    eureka moment! Basis for happiness.

Professor Lord Richard Layard LSE, Economics, Centre for Economic Performance – Programme on Well-being Welfare to work; chaired UN Universities Economic ; Happiness: lessons from  - published march now translated into 11 languages

Happiness is simpler. A single dimension of various emotions.

David Nutt

Already there? -    happy pills o    pejorative term by both right and left wing media with antipathy to t drug treatment of depression o    refer usually to antidep especially new ones, aprtic SSRIs (Prozac, Seroxat, Lustral) o    previously benzodiazepines (Valium, Ativan) o    but none of these make people happy

potential routes for inc happi -    decrease stress o    amines – 5HT (noradrenaline) etc o    peptides – especially hpa axis -    active ‘happiness’ circuits o    opiates, alcohol-like, ecstacy-like, drugs o    intracranial stimulation (deep brain stimulation)

nick baylis

not happiness, but improvement – in life. Invest in healthy relationships

Donald bruce

Broken shower story

Nuclear energy industry

Computers

What can go wrong….

Athletics -    would have known that he cheated if he had used a pill to beat dave Bedford

would we see drug induced athlete as epitome of human ability or something else.

Are there rules about human race? If we step outside, are we less human?

1530

Stem Cell research

Current Policy in Europe

China, loose standards of ethical review.

Problems.

Human genome project progress through huge global collaboration

Not poss with stem cell because some countries ban it

One of probs is

English researchers want to collab with china or India, but heldback because funding bodies concerned about how the research is carried out in development world -    woo sung wong controversty (korea) – were supposed to come to the conference

Jerry Shatens

Flexible regulation with respect to research

Australia initially rejected cloning research and is now revisiting that

Has had a lot of attention in the media

‘funding bodies must take adequate steps to satisfy themselves that those they fund intend to carry out their research ethically and in accordance with relevant national regulations and appropriate international guidance as it emerges’.

Questions and Answers

Question: if woman consented to organ donation, would it be ethical to remove her eggs.

Julian: healthy young eggs better for research than older eggs. Science would like eggs from young healthy women, but many people’s intuition. Risks of donation eggs, small but real. Superobviation drugs associated with rare but lethal conditions

What risks can healthy individuals undergo for research? I say ‘quite significant’, but others say much less.

John harris and savulescu: like a horse race. What matters is which horse crosses the lline first, but cannot and should not back just one horse – must be collaborative.

1630

Fairer? Enhancement and Fairness, Julian Savulescu

George Annas ‘improved, posthumans would inevitably come to view the ‘naturals’ as inferor, as  subspecies….

Francis Fukuyama -    ‘the first victim of transhumanism might be equality…underlying this idea…

Bill McKibben -    these would be mere consumer decisions – but aht also means that they would benefit the rich far more than the poor’

nothing new about enhancement -    rich buy better o    education o    health care o    technology

these can alter biology direct biological intervention raises no new ethical issues -    just a question of which theory of justice goven socity

4 concepts - 1. Fairness or justice 2. enhancement 3. natural distribution of capabilities and disabilities 4. 1. fairness/justice - util egal: strict equality; rawls maximnl prioritarian

john Mackie ‘rights, utility, and universalisation’ -    right to fair go

maximising version of giving peoplpe a ‘fair go’ -    give as many people as poss a decent (reasonable) chance of decent (good) life

enhancement- -    makes our lives better -    increases t chance of us having a good life – instrumental goods (health, wealth)

biological – mor beautiful, stronger psychology – better person social, incliuding socially determined environment – cleaner air, better osiac secuiorty controversial – biological or internal technological enhacenemtns – focus on these

enhamcement, disability, and capability

well-being: how well a life goes (goodness); difficult to distribute well-being capability: state of person that inc probab of achieving a good life disability: state of person…

what is a disability?

Typically, deafness etc

But is context dependent

Atopic tendency -    asthma in developed world -    potection against worm infestation in devl world

need to fix or predict social or other environment circums

biology/psychology as capability/disability -    biological or psychology state can be predicted as ether -    biologica contributes to health but how well life goes -    we are all disabled

eg self control -    in 1960s Walter Mischel conducted impulse control, 4 year old children with marshmellow, request resist, but if not give two. Followed up and the ‘delay gratification’ more likely to succeed – impulse control

other categories capacity to work hard or be lazy – gene therapy in monkeys

Buchanan, Brock, Daniels and Wikler (‘all purpose goods’ -    intelligence, memory, self-discipline, foresight….

Autonomy enhancing traits Social Moral character

Genes, not men, may hold the key to femal pleasure’- genes accounted for 31% of the chance of having an orgasm during intercourse and 51% during masturbation

3. distribution of capabilities and disabilities

not distrib equally

eg. Intelligence. – normal distribution

example performance enhancement in sport: EPO -    natural hormone produced by kidney which stim red blood celss prod -    Eero Maentyranta: 3 medals, had 40-50% more red blood cells

Correcting natural inequality -    increase red blood cell level o    natural

capability we could efficiently set red blood cell level -    safety -    performance

sport -    test of natural biology? -    We want to reward naturally best

In sport, only one winner

No reason why there has to be a person who comes last in life

If unit not red cells, but units of the good life -    is it really just that there is a natural distrib in how well life goes

social not biological enhancement -    good reasons to prefer social rather than biological o    if safer, more likely to be successful, if justice requires it, etc o    but vice versa – sometimes cheaper, easier, and fairere to alter biology

responses to bioconservatives -    nature alots advantage and disadv with no mind to fairness -    enhancement improves peoples lives -    how well t lives of those who are disav go depends on

conclusion -    fairness requires enhancement -    failing to enahcnce may result in signif injustice (supervaccine) -    conservatives guilty of social detemrinism

When /if Longer, faster strong, smarter life is happier: reflectins on slower, sustainable and more inclusive life experiences Anil Gupta anilg@sristi.org

disabled or differently abled?

When live longer do we exp more?

What is purpose of more meaningful lifelonglearning -    accommodates community happiness -    sensitivey towards children

what is human capital? -    depth of social networks fo which one is a aprt -    how do we enhance this depth -    are we afraid of being in company of other normal impulsive, intuitive and inspirational people

ways of knowing -    knowing, feeling and doing

who is smarter, stronger and stable? -    smartness lies in sharing opps

Towards a Fairer Distribution of Technology… Zhao Yangdong

Inequality and immunisatin

Gregor Wolbring

Enhancement would be doping

Link enhancement products to health

2 chjoices

WHO definition – complete social well-being not just absence of disease -    social well-being still part of health

more common now is well-being above and health is a determinant of it

for today, health is seen as just medical health

transhjumanist model of health -    no matter how conventionally medically healthy, body is defined as limited and in need of modification

‘everyone is impaired’ -    Rachel also said this, but with diff connotation

Amatyra sen

David nutt -    pharma not going into happier drugs – cannot sell in medical framework so too many probs

transhumanisation of medicalisation

1830

Enhancement, Justice and rights: immortality John Harris

Art Panel

Teresa.dilon@polarproduce.org

Theatre/psychology

Polar produce, mixed media experiences Ma, music within therapeutic context

What kinds of knowledge do art/design practitioners have?

Why – it’s I the mix, baby’ Interdisciplinarity Slippage Languages and knowledges Lens and frames Fun

Difference between artist and scientist

Approach, language, tools, privileging certain types of knowledge, methods, outcomes, reception, interpretations

Comparisons -    cyclic creative processes, question finding, depth and explorationh, knowledge generation, outputs/outcomes, transformations

ME: artists believe they are the only ones who are marginal

Blurring the traditional ‘audience-spectator’ relationships – where the audience becomes part of the performance – and the performer becomes a member of the audience

Tina Gonsalves UCL Cognitive Sci, AHRC, ACE fellowship

She had read some pieces

Mobile phone project with University of Toronto

Rama gheerawo Research fellow and programme leader Designing the future through working with users The Helen hamlyn research centre Royal College of Art]

Inclusive design Disability discrimination act 2004

Video ethnography

Utility pets Elio caccavale

GM pets that do not give you the allergy

Translator for dog

Cloning pets

Genetic saving and clone, inc

Transgenic, ornamental fish, taikong corp

Utility pet memento form -    request part of animal to be preserved

www.eliocaccavale.com

social fiction scenario

1100-1230

Governable?

Baroness Sally Greengross

Can we make it fair What is role of state (government bodies) Poss to do it without them?

Wolfgang Lutz Vienna Institute of Demography Austrian Academy of Sciences

Suzi Leather

Spain, compensation of €900 for egg donation – how consistent with altruism?

Last year, euro parliament raised profile on Romanian clinic – led to government intervention

Concern about people trafficking

If we could only enhance one charac or trait, which one would we choose if we wanted to enhance the greatest benefit for humanity as a whole?

Creativity and Governance Christopher Newfield

Uni of California, santa barbera Cultural theorist and anti-dualist Centre for nanotechnolo

Disjunction between economic thought and cultural thought

The Innovator’s Dilemma -    clayton m christenen

open science model

minimum proprietary, peer review, open pub: 1.    tell the people 2.    listen to the people

better model

governance is governmentality, not just regulation (Foucault) -    care for all t elements of a system in their relations

flourishing -    Coleridge: intventions are ‘proofs of original genius only as far as they are modified by a predominant passion, or…when a human and intellectual life is transffered to them from the poet’s own spirit’

The creative process -    mihaly csikszentmihalyi (+CN) o    preparation o    incubation o    insight o    evaluation o    elaboration

governance (governmentality) must support this for community members

governing collaborations -    Simonton, rhotgen, 2003, seibold, henwfield

Maximising innovation is to set up a social system

Better model 1.    governance is governmentality, not just regulation 2.    better modelled as collaborative creativity than as markets, regulation or top-down management (but includes these) 3.    collaborative creativity works much better with equality in relations , in labs (valued ‘bridges’) 4.    analogy among nations: innovation cannot be separated from justice 5.    governance via global institutions promoting egalitarian communication among the diverse knowledge of all stakeholders

better model -    from ‘the lexus or the olive tree’

to innovation via justice

Questions and Answers

Question: egg donation is uncomfortable and not without risk, if no compensation, why would a woman do this?

Suzi: sheer altruism is one, but v few people. All donors extensively counselled. Physical and emotional risks. In uk, we do allow egg sharing – in exchnge for reduce cost. Ie woman using ivf to give away some of eggs to 1 or 2 other women and recompensed in kind with reduced cost for treatment. If open system of donation, poss that fewer people will come through, but might deal with by targeting donor. Earlier, sperm donation was 18-24, now are 35-40 yr olds.

James Hughes:

Suzi: challenge your view that regulation restricts. In uk, not true. Clear benefit. What does restrict is that this is not available on NHS and this is by far most imp issue. Most generous country is Israel. – all about state funding. Perhaps with ageing popultion this will improve elsewhere.

Anders: if free innovation is needed in governmentality, if have more bridges, prob is that transdisciplinarity, but gov structure wil have prob getting solutions, restfucture government? Complementary institutions?

Chris Newfield: practical construction  effort

Donald Bruce: is there distinction between enhancement and medical? HFEA has embodied that on sex selection for family balancing. Council of Europe has embodied on convention on human rights and biomedicine – sex selection only for serious gender related genetic disease. What is rationale for the distinction? It is one I support, but is it valid as result of distinction?

Suzi: evidence is that public does think can draw clear distinction between selection for family balancing and disease, for instance. Do I think this will hold? No I don’t. I thjink it will be increasingly difficult to do that. One of the reasons is because any kind of disadvantage that can be conceived of as a disability, parents will say ‘I must have this’. I must be able to have a child that doesn’t suffer from x, y or z.

Shefield institute for biotech:

Dave Wood: which charac should we enhance? If spread too far, get nowhere. becom

The Future of Our Memories (2005, Royal Institution of Great Britain)

The Future of Our MemoriesRoyal Institution of Great Britain 23 June, 2005

Wendy -    Bruce Almighty, God digitised? ‘file cabinet’ of memorie -    Share v private

Various Jim Carey movies

Neil

Hartley et al 2003 -    VR – ask neil -    Functional magnetic resonance imaging

Graham et al 2003 -    memory related dementia -    Alzeimers -    Factual memory (Semantic dementia)

Vanneber Bush, 1945 – see Bergire (d-Lib), may) -    www.memoriesforlife.org

AR/VR -    mixed reality lab, Singapore

Alan Nevell (dunde, social memory)

Miniature recording device

48 hrs of video – reality tv – dull – audience

Rugge et al

Hans Berger 1929

Quroga et al 2005 – face recog

Kriema et al 2000

|

British Philosophy of Sport Association (2005)

BPSA2005 Conference Notes Sigmund Loland

From morals to medicine – a justification

DISPOSITION Why sport? T values of sport to t indiv and soc A selective, critical review of answers from the past and t current A sketch of a possible justification Some implications

MORALITY Arnold and muscular Christianity Coubertin’s ilympism Nansen: avoid sport and practice idrett – body culture of sports (or rather: skiing, the idrett of idretts) Camus: everything I know about ethics I’ve learned from sports

MORALITY II Doxa: sport is good! Children and youth sport -    a safe enviro -    sport as a tool in socialization elite sports -    the system -    the athlete

BUT Children’s sport and moral development (Bredemaier & Shields; Olweus) Elite sports and the society of the spectacle (Gebauer) The fascistoid roots of our admiration for sport heros (Tannsjo)

No obvious connection between sport and morality

How?

Prevalent ideas related to sport:

HEALTH I 1700s, French Encyclopedie (de Wachter) 1800s: t development of applied physiology and medicine (Hoberman) the workers’ sport movement of the mid war period (AIF) -    picked up idea of sport as health

HEALTH II WHO: overweight a global epidemic 1985-2004: av weight increase in adults +5-6kg 1993-2000: overweight 14yrs old from 7.5%-11.5% (Andersen et al, 2004) SDS: sedentary death syndrome

The hegemonic discourse

But… Crude instrumntalism and sociological naivete Individualization in a visual culture Medicalizartion (Zola, Waddington) Strong paternalism (hidden paternalism) ‘revenge of the body’

how?

Sport as a tool

Experiential qualities I Direct and sensual v win and lose Mastery and failure v cooperation and conflict Pleasure and pain v us and them

Experiential qualities II -    a concrete, embodied and sensual quest for answers to existential questions -    what can I/we do? What are my/our possibilities in time and space? What can i/we do as compared to others? Who am i/we?

Sport: testing out of our possibilities as embodied, sensual I’s

Normative anchoring -    Aristotelian eudaimonism: a holistic theory of ends -    Life as a web of values -    Neo-aristotelian virtue ethics (MacIntyre, McNamee) -    Standards of excellence – internal goods – virtues – moral virtue – the/a good life

CONCLUSION Morality and health as integrated values of variable significance Critique: high strung idealism versus practical knowledge Politics of justification and the unity and diversity of life

Could you imagine a version of boxing that did not fall prey to your sorts of concern – is it the ethos you reject or the activity -    critique is buying into the society of the spectacle thesis, rather than the activity

he is talking about the minds of people who watch

Mike McNamee

Polemical philosophy

‘human nature itself lies on the operating table, rdy for alteration, for eugenic and neuropsychic ‘enhancement’, for wholesale design. In leading laboratories, academic and industrial, new creators are condiently amassing their powers, while on the street their evangelists are zealously prophesying a posthuman future’ (Kass, L, 2002)

motivational set of technology intro -    baconian/Cartesian conceptions of science and its powers -    to question their instantation in a new modern ideology ‘transhumanism’sport medicines, genetics and t ‘enhancement’ ideology -    which Prometheus? Hesoid versus Aeschylus -    from athletic to medical hubris (mortality & Mortality)

technology to control nature -    ME: THIS IS NOT THE WAY THEORISTS OF Philosophy AND TECHNOLOGY ARTICULATE TECHNOLOGY

Nuances of myths of Prometheus – lens for hubris of genetic medicine -

science after bacon -    obsession w physical perfectioniams arises as a moral imperative, as sociologists of body have noted, w increasing pervasiveness of modern technology. Roots oder -    Bacon and Descarte emerges t impulse not merely to describe mechanically t operation of nature, but to control it

Moral topography -    Charles Taylor on moral sources of modern identity -    In sport med, might be about drawing relief, natural and artif of work of scientists therein -    As a metaphor for what I take to be t natural work of medicine in the relief of suffering and t artificiality of perf enhancement or t augmentation of natural abilities as opposed to t tradl therapeutic role of medicine

Physicians often sucked into ‘enhancement’

Nature and purposes of medicine hotly contested Roots in healing tradition Assist in presence of someone who suffers Telos of medicine This is lost to sports medicine

Kass’ classification of biomedical technology -    control of death and life -    control of human potentialities -    control of human achievements -    Kass, L.. (1985, 19-24) -    IVF – redefines life and death (not for this paper – ME: YES IT IS!)

Control of human potentialities

Genetic engineering wields 2 powers not shared by medical practice 1.    medicine treats exiting indivs and corrects deviations from health norms 2.    genetic engineering promises alterations to future generations (germ line therapy) and may create new capacities (hence new norms of health/fitness)

ME: HE PRESENTS A CRITIQUE ON GERMLINE ONLY

Changing germline is new.  – ME: NOT REALLY

Not merely to restore, but to augment -    ME: MEDICINE ALWAYS AUGMENTS

Contrl of human capacities -    the limits of many capacities and powers of an idiv are indeed genetically determined, but t nurturing and perfection of these capacities depends upon other influences’ (Kass, 23) (eg. Neurological and psychological manipulation -    ‘from its inception, modern science has been especially interested in finding reliable biological means-means more effective than exhortation or praise or blame-to attain t ends of sensible, decent, human conduct and peace of mind’ (ibid)

new ethics for new  biology. But not sure -    ME: WHEN PEOPPLE ARGUE THIS, THEY DO NOT MEAN THAT WE NEED NEW WAYS OF DOING ETHICS, OR NEW THEORISTS, BUT THAT THE RELATIONSHIPS UPON WHICH ETHICS ARE PREMISED, PARTIC IN MEDICINE, HAVE CHANGED. ALBERT JONSEN’S CASUISTRY, TOD CHAMBERS ‘NARRATIVE’ - New biology: old ethics -    Edelstein (1967: 357-9) notes t ancient greek philosophers task of undermining t glorification of t body -    McKenny cites pplat’s questions in t Republic when..

Plato’s questions -    how much attention should we dvote t our bodies in t effort to optimize our capacities? -    How much control should? -    What endsw? -    What limits …remove causes of suffering?

Scientist – reductionism -    ME: CANNOT ARGUE THIS.

New biology: new ethics? -    ideology – transhumanism -    strong transhumanism – -    weak transhumanism – human nature is a half-baked project o    no respect for sanctity of life

Sports medicine and scientism -    formerly when religion was storng and science weak, men mistook magic for medicine; now, when science is strong and religion weak,

anti-ageing main concern -    we should shed human nature -    taylor ‘we are vulnerable’ -    we should do everything we can to stop it

ME: critique of sci fi!?

Concern about ‘ideal blueprint’

Habermas, jonas, kass, macintryre,

ME: chris gray – cyborg -    sex alteration surgery -    disability

TRANSHUMANISTS UNDER NO ILLUSION

‘Natural is meaningless’ (miah) -    not meaningless, but you might disagree with it

Prometheus (2 versions) – THIS MYTH IS NOT HELPFUL. WHY PICK THIS MYTH? -    overpower god -    cunning of human to be as good as god

ME A WIDE RANGING THESIS – TOO AMBITIOUS DISAGREE WITH THEORY OF SCIENCE/MEDICINE/TECHNOLOGY – PHILOSOPHY OF BIOLOGY CERTAINLY REFLECTS HOBERMAN’S EXPRESSION OF PAST DISAGRE WITH REPRESENTATION OF TRANSHUMANISM DISAGREE W DIPICTION OF GENETICS

IVF – SAME KINDS OF ARGUMENT – NOW WE HAVE, JUST THIS WEEK, LAW LORDS PERMITTED ‘SAVIOUR SIBLINGS’

VIRTUOUS ROBOT?

FRIDAY AM

Anna

Corporeality

Heidegger

Man is man as far as is hand can reach, as far as the purpose of his world extend

Become corporeal by means of hand and speech

Why the hand and not the leg?

Corporeality process

Man assumes emotional figures – existence

Postmodern

We don’t understand ourselves

Universal values have vanished

Gypsies of Europe

Predicated by Nietzsche

Great strength is greatest priority

Speech is essential part of our corporeality Doesn’t pertain only to doctors or semiology, or grammarians, literates, etc

Speech is only an extn of the hand

When hand no longer writes through hand, but through speech, what will happen -    breaking of art, where hand forms meaningful words

what will happen with speech and words -    changed only into symbols

speech taken over by semiology

profound meanings of words will dwindle

transformed into a machine, tool?

Production merely

Physical education responsibility for speech

Hand and words are only means to transcendence

What will happen with the hand?

Managed by computers

Transcendence by sport is victory over self

What about a typing competition -    give someone a title and ask them to write it

LEON CULBERTSON

Hoberman – dehumanisation- ME:  but  he meant alienation (and he is right)

ME: do we need a precise notion of human? (I think he is also arguing for this)

Warnock – embryo rights – she - we don’t need to get into humanness (ME: but that agrees w Warnock!)

humans – as homo sapiens (strong) -    dignity persons (weak)

we are all human – product of our actions

ME: prob is that we do operationalise human!

Dehuman, not less than human Use to work human in weak sense, but not humanness

Edgar – dignity – undignified – don’t talk about dignity when feel undignified

Human definition arises out of sense of being dehumanised

Persons need not be human (McNamee? ME: no!)

What gives sport value?which sport, for whom, etc?

Contextual

Clear view of t misunderstanding Terms such as dehuman used in specific kinds of context

Contrasts – different beings -    prob is that they are oft drawn in way -    drawing t line – ME: we don’t like it, but this is how people conceptualise issues!

Degrading – lack of feeling is inhuman, but not non-human

GEOFF PARSONS

Selection as a vehicle – throughout sport and elsewhere

Conflict of differing philosophy in sport

Different between objectively measured sports and subjectively measured (team sports)

Gov policy driven by sports councils – uk sport

New athlete contract just published -    given to 16yr old, 17p document -    says: we all agree that the overriding thing is to win medals at Olympic championships

institutions of sport act as guardians

performance directors in governing bodies – their job is to win medals – they now have subjective method by which to select people – Olympic profiling – to receive funding and stay in programme, reqs to meet perf directors assessment of what is Olympic profiling -    is asked ‘if athlete wins championship for 3 years, would they get on programme’ – performance  dir says no. -    creates biased selection policies

In objective sport, should be no selectors – performance  on day matters only

Blame governing bodies – complicit, rejected commerce, thirst for resources,

Government role -    top down agenda in very item -    UK Sport cd: seeking perfection

Performance director should be tied to the performance of the athletes for which they make selection

When threatened, sports institutions act like nation states

British sport should celebrate process, rather than medals

WHAT ARE GOVERNING BODIES FOR YOU? WOULD YOU REPLACE THEM WITH SOMETHING ELSE? DIFFERENT PEOPLE?

BIOETHICS AND DOPING

Definition of sport – psychophysio sphare

Doping in sport relationship – if doping is alteration in different relational spheres -    intra personal – relationship betweenathlete and body o    doping – loss of develo of personality o    limit – surpass oneself -    inter personl – negation of propium over sport -    doping compression of games diemsion o    not charac by gratuitousness o    perversion

doping = rejectiung principle outlayed breq to entre into comp

Dr Giovanni Franchi Universita di Teramo giovfranchi@libero.it

ALUN HARDMAN

Different kinds of injury -    injury prior to contest -    iinjury sustained to non-contXX -    injurie sustained as reslt of actions from non-contestant -    injuries sustained as result of foul play

referee must top t game – ME: t player should adopt some referee status -    t rule is badly formulated -    self-offciating/governing -    is it fair only if we interpret t incorrect reading of the rule?

Fraleigh Right Actions -are players following guiding of principleof equal of opp intentionality is imp non-moral principle

health/well being not only concern -    do not stop player if ‘normal injury

ME: if injured player is on attacking team?

Principle of voluntary and dual assessment

Permit medical team to attend to athlete without ceasing play

Is guilt approp response to injury? McNamee, EJSS 2002 -    shame and moral failing, guilt and shame – guilt proper respons to transgress of code, shame is not reaching an ideal -    -if harm unintntionly, rawls says subjective guilt – guilt sign of virtue – causally responsible but not morally

GRAHAM MCFEE

Popper – overstaed claimn of sci method rejected

Account of science -    Popper? -    Creation science -    If meet Popper

Kuhn – different between natural nad social science -    truth denied, t pomo -    natural sci – 2 phases: normal sci – unpacking of past insight, paradigm in place – crisis and revolution when absence of single paradigm – makes no sense -    physics etc failure to invoke conXX over fundamentals -    sociology always contested  - Kuhnan explans why

limitations – socio,psych have competing view of social world Kuhn – how align?

But should be – social world – perspective dependent

question about why in social science you have paradigm claim as barrier to conversations between subject areas?

the state of the real (2003, Glasgow School of Art)

State of the Real, NotesGlasgow School of Art, Nov 2003.

‘The Real’ just got realer Clive Fencott and Jo Clay SpIDERStudio, School of Computing, Uni of Teesside

Theories of virtual content -    perceptual opportunities

Predictive content modelling -    look at way people behave in virtual environments and try to predict what they do

Experimental investigations -    eye-tracker technology – to see what they notice and how they respond

semiotics of games and VR -    need to look beyond computing to ustd content of virtual environments

First Thoughts

Hyperreality and (self) consciousness

Plato’s cave walls

The craft of thought – Mary Carruthers -    medieval thought practices

Baudrillard’s news (not new)

VR and ‘the real’

How real can t simulation get? Hyperreality becomes -    confusion of sensory frameworks -    NOT a myth without referent and t real

VR, also called Virutal Environments (Ves) is a new interface paradigm to create …. Immersion -    technology of replacement of sensations of t real -    embodying interface (t technology I where, which replaces sensations)

Presence -    ‘t willing suspension of disbelief’ colleridge -    perception illusion of non-mediation

totally present while (very) partially immersed

Total immersion

Haptic technology -    data gloves, etc

Gorillas in the Bits -    can move around and look at gorillas, but can also die, by looking too much at alpha male o    partially immersed (but not very)

Osmose -    head set and stereo headphones, but also a vest, which moves you when you move

Mechanic of immersion

Meditative VR -    electronic -    electro-mechanical -    electro-chemical-mechanical (can create smells by squirting things up nose)

remove and replacing sensory cue that lead to sensation

proprioception gets in the way

so, meditative VR doesn’t work (n terms of total immersion)

Total Immersion

Invasive VR -    bypass nervous system o    eliminating sensation o    virtual stimulation o    major film genre •    extistenz, matrix, dark city -    ExistenZ Technology o    implants •    retinal, inner ear •    neural interface chips (currently being used to replace parts of brain) •    neurotropic electrodes •    electrodes with chemicals to permit acceptance of electrodes to accept artifice o    tetraplegics have used •    biomechanics

In the film being plugged in is like ‘having your ears pierced’

Sense of self gets in the way

Realists in the film need not worry

VR as simulation -    total immersion -    myth without referent

VR for real -    as a medium of simulation -    games -    virtual training environments -    virtual artworks

VR is a simulation itself

Doubly unconscious

What we have forgotten or repressed (Freud) What we have learned and experiencd unconsciously (knowing how) Do we exp -    t real -    and the hyperreal -    simulatenously?

Playing with simuilations

Virtual therapy Phobias of fear of: -    flying, heights, open spaces -    SpIDERS Higher levels of immersion Greater effectiveness of therapy

Re-simulation

A possibility -    Real just got realer -    Because t sims can get realer, but the sims are flawed -    Real will always be t reference

Conclusion -    exp other reals often -    return to ‘the real’ -    paradigmatic test for ‘reals -    play a lot of mindless games (tetris) o    go with t flow o    exp t real o    through your second unconscious

Siobhan Stelarc’s Head

Prosthetic head – 40 years of work with diff technologies ‘Online version’ -    is there such a difference!?

Hayles: how we became posthuman -    manipulation of symbols -    info lost its body o    more complex info becomes, more t sep of mind and body becomes apparent o    cartesian dualism

Kant, Hegel, Husserl, Heidegger all considered this

Kant and Hegel – achieve infinite

Husserl/Heidegger – realm of finite

Kand/hegel

Husserl/heid – normality

Hayles critique of technological devel – be ustd by mind alone -    body not necessary

modernity or post?

Modernity: horkheimer: master nature, and attack nature of ourselves

Ability to create

Sado-masachism of suspension -    ME: this is not S&M at all

Posthuman project would answer that Stelarc’s head is an example of human identity

ME: but the cybernetic tradition does not have consensus on this. The nature of AI is still disputed

As a piece of art, the head is democratic -    creates diff rel to art o    interact it and inform it

Michael Smyth (Background in interaction design) Deigning for Embodied Interaction – experiencing artefacts with and through t body

Where is technology heading: Skins and environment

Where does this leave t body?

Need our body to make sense of t world

In VR we are disembodied -    this is a speculative assertion. It also misrepresents virtuality

ME: just because t body is value, it doesn’t mean it has special value, such that we need not seek to transcend it

Role of 1:1 models – necessity to create something proportional to our bodies

Closest link is installation artists

(ASK WHAT THES

Marce Ages – GET PHOTOGRAPHS OF THEM -    multi-.. structure -    go in to exp sense of sight, sound, touch

ME: stelarc’s head is not stelarc’s art. Real Photography Damian

Defn of photography

Oliver Wendell-Homes – mirror with a memory Cinema and digital photography – threaten ‘established’ ontology of photography

Photograph as transparent record and as object

Defn of photography rely on -    equivalence of forms -    embodiment of this in an image

dangers of forfitting rootedness

should leave photograph behind

plus: immanence – philosophical notion from Deleuze and Guattari -    after D&G photography as

Transparency and objecthood

Thierry de Duve

Andre Bazin – alluciantion that is also a fact

A mixture of fictions – Walton

A record of reality refracted through a sensibility –

‘it shares t being of the model

Sruton, R.  – photography as a ‘gesturing finger’

Lunenfeld, p – dubitative

Modernist foto relied on uniqueness in time and space

Interent – art without walls

Roberts, jon – extended contextual space

Roland barthes – camera lucida

Bioteknica Sean and Jennifer

Richard Lewontin – science as ideology (it is not objective)

PhiX

What rights will an artificial organism have?

Bladerunner

Colonialism, man-made organisms – what rights?

Bioteknica -    inter-displinary … -    futuristic cloning -    studying irrational and grotesque

terratoma -    natural instance of cloning

disparatary bw science and corporate language

not scientists, but have tried to understand it! -    that is a scientist

little accurate reference to use of genetic modification

little ustdg of ethical issues

biotechnika

Advanced Cell Technology Noah – ist cloned endangered animal Lily, Daffordil, Crocus, Forsythia

George and Charlie

Severino Antinori

Raelian Clonaid -    captured popular imagination by claiming to clone

digital model product line of GM organisms

terratoma -    cancerous growth (germ-line)

catholic church baptised terratomas until 60s, believed were virgin birth

parathegenesis -    devel of embryo from unfertilised egg -    cannot lead to a live (but asso with notion of pregnancy)

research will lead to therapeutic cloning technology -    holy grail of cloning

terratoma – deadly form of cancer - BioArtists -    eduardo kac -    symbiotic research group

ethical problems about what these are doing as artists

Alba, t fluorescent bunny Photo: Cryhstelle Fontaine

Kac: bioart has increased genetic diversity! -    to destroy these crates

Art as a form of life By W. Wayt Gibbs

Kac: showman

Joe Davis: genestheticist -    selfclaimed most prolific author in history

ethical concerns about the organism -    lack functional nervous system (do not know where pain begins and ends) -    lack cognition -    research on human subjects

artist tissue bank -    take tissue and cells from artists -    not more invasive than tattoo, etc

these tissue would be discarded anyway

Ann-Sophie Lehmann

Representations of skin through painting

Oil paint as lively pain Images so real, that appears as real flesh

In AI, android child: SKIN IS PASSPORT TO REALNESS

Ron Mueck National Gallery resident artist last year, Netherlands

Performance and Space

Experiential place making and the new real Jasper Joseph-Lester, Goldsmiths College London

Retail-architecture -    holds values: permanence

Selfridges, Oxford St -    supplementary space (both present and absent) -    informed by logic of commodity

Bluewater, Kent -    Simulated space -    Transporting exp of being in busy city centre, into countryside

Commodification of space – places demands on architecture

Marxist analysis of commodity

Prada, NYC, 5th Avenue -    new level of automation -    clothes hidden from shopper -    changing rooms with videos in mirrors to offer new ways of viewing the clothes -    movement bw video and mirror

centre of architecture is the commodity process of automation market brings value to t commodity

Marx and commodity illusory body of t commodity wooden table transcends sensuousness

Selfridges, Birmingham -    automated interior -    exterior: spun aluminium discs o    responds to light of sun and appears to move with light o    curvaceous con o    templre reality of shopping experience

phantasmic surplus of retail architecture

territories and distinctions Performing the Real Lennaart van Oldenborgh

Realness of image is property of origin

Reality-TV First wave – mass dissemination of cam corders -    candid tv

Reality-Video

Reality-Gameshow format

Pentagon collaborated with Hollywood -    reporting the war Jessica Lynch rescue

(Video) – can we still trust documentaries to tell us t truth -    Rita Vort?

Daddy’s Girl (channel 4) -    rel bw father and daughters -    fictional boyfriend -    pulled from schedule at last minute

Madonna lipstick commercial -    playing herself in the ‘in bed with madonna’ film through this video

ref to Lacan – jubilant assumption of respecting the image

snuff videos – mythical genre of real death -    did someone actually die here? -    Is this video the last moments of this life? -    Witnessing the passing of life. -    Life becomes death (reveals death to us)

Suicide box footage -    of real deaths -    statistical indifference of San Francisco coast guard, who stopped counting the number of suicides -    as a result of his indifference, the box would record presumed suicides -    result is haunting and ironic o    indiscriminately repetitive o    one after the other dropping off o    merely see black dots •    ME: why cant they be more detailed (zoom!?)

Violence and death, the unassimilable, become the … of the real

Darren Brown’s Russian roulette -    only way that can guarantee realness is if he blows his brains out

Slavoj Zizek real: nostalgic fantasy for t real -    defining charac of 20th c

Arts, Prepresentation and Responsiibility: towards a system aesthetic James Coupe

Conscious art work Non-anthropocentric syntax Self-author and emergent Challenge notions of authorship 1928: general systems theory – challenge to castesian, Newtonian cybernetic: feedback systems (self-contained and self-regulatory) open and closed systems (living as closed – cannot ustd syst by ustdg parts in isolation)

Smithson

http://www.ctrl.me.uk/gsa

from object oriented to system oriented (systems consciousness)

posthuman art: human is no longer focus of the art

art that is alive, replace t human organism

ME: but replacing the human as artist right? Or human in art?

AI – effort to make a machine behave like a human

If a machine must be inttell, then logic must be based on itself rather than human -    machine with own logic, would not be attempting to replicate something else (simulation) and would thus be real

Smith’s entropy: system as ungraspable

Kant’s distinction bw phenomena and noumena

Digital Warfare (art work) -    system that connected people together of gallery guests, through text messaging -    social instersis

Net Object Leonard Latiff

Cyborg Art History: Techno-aesthetics and metafictions of digital culture Elizabeth Menon http://www.snappyprof.com

(ppt on web)

REF: Virtual Art: from illusion to immersion – not very good for here students

Benjamin and McLuhan possible theorist, but many

Brenda Laurel – computer as theatre

http://www.sito.org/hygrid transgressions bw past and accepted media download original image and it murges with your own

Neo-Panofsky

Ann Hamilton -    multi media with live performers

Yugo Nakamura -    design/art? No navigation on website

International Association for the Philosophy of Sport (2003)

IAPS 2003 Notes Annual meeting, 1030am, sat

Andrew Edgar Sport as Performative Contradiction

Apel, cannot critique ethics, because requires employing an ethical discourse to do so.

Gunnar Brievik Is Base Jumping Morally Justifiable?

Are risk sports valuable, representing  good values?

Method

Present prima facie arguments Intuitive No ethical theory Testby rational analytical tools Bring in some theoretical aspects towards end

Risk sports

High-risk Reckon with possibility of serious injury or death by doing sport Medium risk – may happen, but under unfortunate circumstances Low-risk – almost impossible to get serious injury

Arguments – expense for rescuing jumpers

Should be prohibited? Paternalist: base jumpers do not know what they are doing Moralist: persons are egotistic and selfish

Require 200 jumps from plane before you can jump from a cliff!

If prohibit base jumping, then must prohibit many others

What kind of people are involved in basejumping? -    academics, doctors, family people -    control freaks -    standing at edge: scared to death

Ivo Jirasek Ontology of Experience and Extreme Sports

Friday 1030am TC201 Dewey and competitive

Democracy and community for Dewey are necessarily intertwined

Charlene Weaving The Hooker: analogy between prostitution in sport Julia Roberts in sport Nussbaum: prostitution should be decriminalised -    people against it support inequality

Keith Thompson Sport and Utopia

Henri Rousseau ‘the Footballers’ – Guggenheim NYC -    utopian, since nothing of conflict within it -    they are playing about, not playing o    in Thompson’s utopia, must be the latter

what seems ideal is totally boring -    ideal of completing a round of golf in 18 strokes -    challenge is only a challenge if you can fail to meet it

concept of utopia implodes and we are well rid of it

replace  utopia for intrinsica

Simon Eassom for the IOC, distinction between natural and unnatural is necessary distinction on which the condemnation of technology is based

Ray Williams – Nature problematic concept – Materials of Culture

Nature as absence of man’s influence

We possess a nature and behave according to these ways

HN does not mean that we participate in a nature

We are precisely designating those features.

Notion of our having a nature carries similar …. As saying that animals do not have one

Exclude modes of conduct that do not conform to animal norms

Sport is one remaining arena where natural is threatened by unnatural (e.g. homoerotica)

Authenticity corrupted by cultural progress (unnatural)

Sport schizonphrenic: primativity of play, cyborgian culture

Enlightenment: development of art, science, cult part of project of rediscovering  value of being human

Point is not to return to previous primitivity

Gould vs. Dawkins -    Gould rails human chauvinism in definitions of progress -    Dawkins: progress as tendency to improve human….

Drug user in sport is denaturalised by media, etc

Frankenstein’s monster as ugly

Male athlete not re-sexed by de-sexed Female athlete loses reproductive  integrity

Historicity of nature -    ME: but this is not an argument for rejecting the natural, but rejecting a particular conception of the natural

Andrew Courtwright Objections to Maxim -    could rethink to use: e.g. When I believe my muscle are not getting enough oxygen, will use epo to boost -    motivation for doping: usually a competitive argument, not to get more oxygen to muscles o    ME: not sure I accept this, but even if it is true, if I want to do it for that reason, can I?

Final objection -    Imagine someone faster than anyone else o    If she uses drug, does not seem to be to gain a competitive edge o    Depends on how good an athlete you are

Not surprising that Formula of Universal Law generates these objections

Formula of Humanity -    Treating someone as means not acceptable (Respect for persons argument) -    Treat someone in a way that they cannot consent, not just that they would not consent -    By using PE drugs, are treating other competitors as means o    But: if develop a technique that others do not have. This seems impermissible. But need to distinguish this from doping.

Kingdom of Ends Formula -    indiv agent as part of community of agents -    what sorts of maxims are rationally acceptable to community of agents -    FKE resembles Rawls’ original position

Not all PE drugs are dangerous, but majority are in the way in which athletes use them. Conclusion: Athletes who dope are performing a wrong action. -    Presuming the motivation is to gain a competitive advantage -    modify: athletes who dope, just to gain a competitive advantage, are performing a wrong action.

Doping rules are set up to exclude pharma from sport, while other scientists can make a lot of money

Question: based upon your argument, it would seem that iff the motivation is not to gain a competitive edge and is, perhaps, an expression of our ‘posthumanness’, then you do not wish to prevent me from doing this. The problem is, that is the position of international sport.

Saturday 915am shouler@optonline.net If my life is finite, why am I watching this damned game?

Humanities and Technology Annual Conference (2009, Sept 24-26, Virginia)

CALL FOR PAPERS Humanities and Technology Annual Conference

September 24-26, 2009

University of Virginia

Special Topic:

Technology, Democracy, and Citizenship

Democracy and democratic citizenship shape and are shaped by technology. Taking the broad approach, this conference invites papers and session proposals bringing insight to the important albeit complicated and intricate relationships among technology, democracy, and citizenship.

Besides scholars in Science and Technology Studies and the Humanities and Social Sciences, we hope to attract practitioners and researchers in engineering, science, public policy, architecture, government, and international development to engage in a series of wide-ranging conversations focused on three broad intersections of technology and democracy:

IDEALS—For example, how can technology be managed so that it promotes democratic ideals? How can technology undermine democratic ideals? Exactly what do we mean by “democracy” and “democratic citizenship”?

PROCESSES—This category includes socio-technical systems directly involved in democratic processes, such as voting machines and blogs, as well as broader questions of education, public discourse, deliberation, and decision-making.

DECISIONS—Perhaps the broadest category of all, this includes the full range of specific areas in which democracies must establish policy and make decisions—energy, the environment, national defense, transportation, homeland security, health care, regulation of business and entrepreneurship, genetic engineering, funding of research, and more.

To propose a paper, send an abstract of no more than 250 words. To propose a session, include a session title and rationale as well as an abstract for each paper. Include the affiliation and relevant contact details for all authors. Please direct electronic submissions and questions to Andreas.Michel@rose-hulman.edu, or write to Andreas Michel, HTA 2009 Program Chair, Humanities and Social Sciences, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, 5500 Wabash Ave, Terre Haute, IN, 47803. We will begin reviewing proposals as soon as they are received.

Proposals are due no later than June 15, 2009

Messages to the list are archived at http://listserv.liv.ac.uk/archives/philos-l.html. Prolonged discussions should be moved to chora: enrol via http://listserv.liv.ac.uk/archives/chora.html. Other philosophical resources on the Web can be found at http://www.liv.ac.uk/pal.

Slavoj Zizek in Wikipedia

Slavoj Zizek in Wikipedia

Originally uploaded by andymiah

My photo of Slavoj Zizek when he was in Liverpool, added by someone to his wikipedia entry. It's been picked up by a few books for publishing since.

Slavoj Zizek

The latest celebrity speaker to grace the European Capital of Culture was the Perver himself Slavoj Zizek. I first saw Zizek speak in 2003 at the Glasgow School of Art. The crowd pressed him on the need for psychoanalysis, but he stood firm to his core and reminded us of old jokes.

Zizek in Liverpool (17 March, 2008)

From the organizers:

Dear All, We are lucky to be able to present the internationally renowned cultural theorist and philosopher Slavoj Zizek. Zizek will be speaking on 'The (Mis)Use of Violence' on Monday 17th March between 6-8 at 68 Hope Street, Liverpool. 'One of the most innovative and exciting contemporary thinkers of the left' (TLS) 'The most formidably brilliant exponent of psychoanalysis, indeed of cultural theory in general, to have emerged from Europe in some decades' (Terry Eagleton) Best wishes, This event has been sponsored by the departments of philosophy, SOCLAS, SACE, History and Politics. It is a joint event with the Faculty of Arts, Liverpool John Moores and FACT.

More info here: http://www.liv.ac.uk/arts/

They say: Admission is free, but limited to 180, on first-come basis.

Ethical Futures

The RSA event last week was a whirlwind through so many different technologcical futures that tying everything together was quite a challenge. We roved from Web 2.0 to artificially intelligent robot soldiers in a matter of hours.

Ethics, Technology and Identity (Delft, 18-20 Jun, 2008)

Ethics, Technology and Identity

Conference, June 18-20 of 2008

Information technology plays an increasingly important role in society and in human lives. Identity Management Technologies (e.g. biometrics, profiling, surveillance), in combination with a variety of identification procedures and personalized services are ubiquitous and pervasive. This calls for careful consideration and design of collecting, mining, storing and use of personal information. This conference aims to discuss the theme of ‘identity’ in light of new (information) technology. Key-note speakers are David Velleman, Oscar Gandy, Robin Dellon and David Shoemaker.

Key-note speakers

• David Velleman, New York University
• Oscar Gandy, University of Pennsylvania
• Robin Dillon, Lehigh University
• David Shoemaker, Bowling Green State University

Call for papers / submission of abstracts

Authors should submit an electronic version of an extended abstract (total word count 800-1000 words). The extended abstract submission deadline is Friday 7th December 2007. Please submit to: ETI@tudelft.nl. PhD students are especially encouraged to submit. Download call for papers.

Important dates

• December 7, 2007 - Deadline for extended abstracts
• February 8, 2008 - Notification of acceptance
• May 1st, 2008 - Registration deadline
• June 18 - 20, 2008 - Conference dates

On the conference topic

Information technology plays an increasingly important role in society and in human lives. Identity Management Technologies (e.g. biometrics, profiling, surveillance), in combination with a variety of identification procedures and personalized services are ubiquitous and pervasive. This calls for careful consideration and design of collecting, mining, storing and use of personal information. Access, rights, responsibilities, benefits, burdens and risks are apportioned on the basis of identities of individuals. These identities are formed on the basis of personal data collected and stored and manipulated in databases. This raises ethical questions, such as obvious privacy issues, but also a host of identity related moral questions concerning (the consequences of) erroneous classifications and the limits of our capacity for self-presentation and self definition. Which conceptions of identity are used when addressing ethical issues regarding information technology? How can the concepts of ‘identity’ and ‘identification’ be understood from a philosophical perspective when discussing morally problematic developments in information technology? What are the philosophical semantics pertaining to reference and identification which may help clarify ambiguities and ethical issues? How can we arrive at a normatively sound conception of personal identity as a starting point for the study of the ethical aspects of the (information) technology that is shaping our lives? This conference aims to discuss the theme of ‘identity’ in light of new (information) technology.

Location and registration

The conference will be held in The Hague, the Netherlands. Registration fees and procedures will be posted shortly.

Organisation / more information

The conference will be organized by Noëmi Manders-Huits. For more information on the conference, please contact ETI[at]tudelft.nl.

Human Futures

FACT's new programme for 2008 is advertised in their Oct-Dec brochure. Human Futures looks to be an excellent series of exhibitions, events and debates about such themes as medicine, the body, technology, art and more. It's so closely tied to so much of my research that I doubt I'll have much cause to leave Liverpool while it's running It also shares similar themes with 'Ethical Futures' , a project that I have become involved with at the RSA. Perhaps the two communities will meet

Peter Singer on the Ethics of Global Poverty

Peter Singer

Originally uploaded by andymiah

This week, I was in Oxford briefly at the invitation of Julian Savulescu. It was a real pleasure to hear Peter Singer speak, having known his writings for many years. The trip was briefer than I had anticipated but long enough to hear Singer's interest to convince governments of their obligation to address global poverty. His argument was, as always, incredibly accessible and will surely appeal to the kinds of intuitions that many people share on this subject.

International Journal of Internet Research Ethics

Message sent around by Charles Ess announcing a new journal.... Announcing the release of the International Journal of Internet Research Ethics

Call for Papers for the Premier Issue of IJIRE

Description and Scope: The IJIRE is the first peer-reviewed online journal, dedicated specifically to cross-disciplinary, cross-cultural research on Internet Research Ethics. All disciplinary perspectives, from those in the arts and humanities, to the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences, are reflected in the journal.

With the emergence of Internet use as a research locale and tool throughout the 1990s, researchers from disparate disciplines, ranging from the social sciences to humanities to the sciences, have found a new fertile ground for research opportunities that differ greatly from their traditional biomedical counterparts. As such, "populations," locales, and spaces that had no corresponding physical environment became a focal point, or site of research activity. Human subjects protections questions then began to arise, acros disciplines and over time: What about privacy? How is informed consent obtained? What about research on minors? What are "harms" in an online environment? Is this really human subjects work? More broadly, are the ethical obligations of researchers conducting research online somehow different from other forms of research ethics practices?

As Internet Research Ethics has developed as its own field and discipline, additional questions have emerged: How do diverse methodological approaches result in distinctive ethical conflicts ­ and, possibly, distinctive ethical resolutions? How do diverse cultural and legal traditions shape what are perceived as ethical conflicts and permissible resolutions? How do researchers collaborating across diverse ethical and legal domains recognize and resolve ethical issues in ways that recognize and incorporate often markedly different ethical understandings?

Finally, as "the Internet" continues to transform and diffuse, new research ethics questions arise ­ e.g., in the areas of blogging, social network spaces, etc. Such questions are at the heart of IRE scholarship, and such general areas as anonymity, privacy, ownership, authorial ethics, legal issues, research ethics principles (justice, beneficence, respect for persons), and consent are appropriate areas for consideration.

The IJIRE will publish articles of both theoretical and practical nature to scholars from all disciplines who are pursuing‹or reviewing‹IRE work. Case studies of online research, theoretical analyses, and practitioner-oriented scholarship that promote understanding of IRE at ethics and institutional review boards, for instance, are encouraged. Methodological differences are embraced.

Publication Schedule: The IJIRE is published twice annually, March 1, and October 15. Submissions are accepted on a rolling basis, and are subject to Editorial and Peer Review.

Subscription: Free

Editors- in- Chief: Elizabeth A. Buchanan, Ph.D. Director, Center for Information Policy Research School of Information Studies University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee elizabeth.buchanan@gmail.com

Charles M. Ess, Ph.D. Distinguished Research Professor Drury University cmess@drury.edu <mailto:cmess@drury.edu>

Editorial Board: Andrea Baker, Ohio University, USA Heidi Campbell, Texas A&M University, USA Radhika Gajjala, Bowling Green State University, USA Jeremy Hunsinger, Virginia Tech, USA Mark Johns, Luther College, USA Leslie M. Tkach-Kawasaki, University of Tsukuba, Japan Tomas Lipinski, JD, Ph.D., University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, USA Ulf-Dietrich Reips, Universität Zürich, Switzerland Susannah Stern, San Diego State University, USA Malin Sveningsson, Ph.D., Karlstad University, Sweden

Style Guidelines: Manuscripts should be submitted to ijire@sois.uwm.edu <mailto:ijire@sois.uwm.edu> ; articles should be double-spaced, and in the range of 5000-15,000 words, though announcements of IRE scholarship, case studies, and book reviews of any length can be submitted for review. Please ensure that your manuscript is received in good format (proper English language usage, grammatical structure, spelling, punctuation, and compliance with APA reference style). The IJIRE follows the American Psychological Association's 5th edition. Articles should include an abstract no longer than 100 words, full names and contact information of all authors, and an author's biography of 100 words or less.

Copyright: In the spirit of open access, IJIRE authors maintain copyright control of their work. Any subsequent publications related to the IJIRE work must reference the IJIRE and the original publication date and url.

Web site: http://www.uwm.edu/Dept/SOIS/cipr/ijire.html

Pupils' Attitudes Towards Technology (21-25 Jun, 2007, Glasgow)

[2007.04.24 update. I just put together a site for the conference] PATT - 18 Pupils’ Attitudes Towards Technology International Design & Technology Education Conference

Call for Papers

Teaching and Learning Technological Literacy in the Classroom

21 – 25 June 2007

Keynote speakers: Don Idhe: Stony Brook University , New York Douglas Kellner : University of California, Los Angeles Richard Kahn: University of California, Los Angeles Carl Mitcham: Colorado School of Mines Andrew Feenberg: Simon Fraser University, Canada Leonard Waks: Temple University, Philadelphia Joseph Pitt: Virginia Tech, Michael Peters: University of Illinois Marc J de Vries: Technishe University of Eindhoven, The Netherlands John Dakers: University of Glasgow, Scotland

Introduction

As conference director for the next international PATT conference to be held in Glasgow next year, I am delighted to be able to confirm that some of the greatest names in the philosophy and sociology of technology have agreed to take part in the conference. They have all (along with others who will attend the conference) recently been published in a book called “Defining Technological Literacy”. This title forms the basis of the conference theme. I will put more information on a web site devoted to the conference when I have it up and running. It will also be of interest to participants, particularly from overseas, that this conference takes place just prior to the CRIPT conference, which in turn, takes place just before the DATA conference. This makes it possible for delegates to attend all three conferences, or any combination, should they wish. (I know that several delegates did attend all three in 2003.

The conference

There is very little literature directly relating to education about the basic technological nature of the world that young people must negotiate nor about the kinds of technological obstacles that they are likely to encounter in that world. Their views of technology influence their ability to both use and relate to it. Many young people have a tendency to perceive technology in terms of its artefacts: computers, cars, televisions, toasters, pesticides, flu shots, solar cells, genetically engineered tomatoes and so on. Often they do not see technology in terms of the knowledge and processes that create these artefacts, nor are they aware of the various implications for society resulting from these technologies.

There is a tendency in the teaching of Technology education at school level, to present information about some pre-existing technologies in an instrumental form. Pupils are then expected to reconstitute this information in the form of concrete artefacts. We do not sufficiently engender in young people an abiding curiosity about how the technologically shaped world in which they live actually affects them.

Within the various rationales for Technology education from across the developed world, an abiding and recurring issue is evident: Technology education must engage with the development of informed attitudes about the impact that existing and emerging technologies will have upon their cultural development, as well as the potential and actual consequences these technologies will have upon the environment, both locally and globally. This is known variously as ‘Technological Literacy’ or ‘Technological Capability’.

The conference organising committee invites papers that address aspects of teaching and learning in technology education concerned with methods of teaching and learning technological literacy in the classroom. Papers addressing the conference theme are particularly welcome, but authors are invited to submit research papers addressing any topic relevant to technology education.

Delegates will come from a wide range of technology education stakeholders – philosophers of technology, teacher educators, teachers, researchers, post-graduate students, policy makers, curriculum developers, consultants, and members of the broader educational community.

All papers accepted for the conference will be double blind peer reviewed prior to the conference. All papers accepted for presentation will be published electronically and also in a conference book which will be available at the conference. Authors of selected papers will be invited to work their papers up into chapters for submission in a book, to be published by Sense Publishers in 2007, based upon the conference theme. The URL for the Technology Book Series is: http://www.sensepublishers.com/books/ites/ites.htm#ITES%20series%20info

The conference will have two parts. The first two days will be devoted to the Keynote speakers mentioned above who will talk to their chapters in the recently published book “Defining Technological Literacy: Towards an Epistemological Framework”, available at: http://www.palgrave-usa.com/Search/SearchResults.aspx?searchby=searchby&Qk=dakers&submit.x=0&submit.y=0&submit=submit

The second part, taking up in the last three days, will concentrate upon the delivery of the accepted conference papers. It is proposed to set up a web site for this conference which will continue to update conference data. Details will follow in the near future. The conference language will be English.

For further information about the conference please do not hesitate to contact the Conference Director, John Dakers at jdakers [AT] educ.gla.ac.uk

Please e-mail completed papers, which should be in the region of 2,500 – 3,000 words to John Dakers at the above no later than the 30th November 2006.

XXII WORLD CONGRESS OF PHILOSOPHY (30Jul-5Aug, 2008, Seoul, Korea)

XXII WORLD CONGRESS OF PHILOSOPHY Main Theme: RETHINKING PHILOSOPHY TODAY

The World Congresses of Philosophy are organized every five years by the International Federation of Philosophical Societies in collaboration with one of its member societies, which assumes responsibility for the organization of the Congress.

The XXII World Congress of Philosophy will be held from July 30 through August 5 in Seoul under the auspieces of the Korean Philosophical Association. It has several aims, which are to be understood as complementary.

To call attention to the importance of philosophcial reflection on philosophy itself, especially critical reflection on the diverse forms taken by contemporary philosophy and the history of philosophy.

To reflect on the tasks and functions of philosophy in the contemporary world, taking account of the contributions, expectations, and gaps in philosophical awareness that are associated with other disciplines such as the natural and humane sciences, with political, religious, social, economic, financial, technological, etc. activities, as well as with diverse cultures and traditions.

The first Congress to be held in Asia, the Seoul Congress presents a clear invitation to rethink the nature, roles, and responsibilities of philosophy and of philosophers in the age of globalization. It is committed to paying heed to the problems, conflicts, inequalities, and injustices connected with the development of a planetary civilization that is at once multiculural and techno-scientific.

The main theme of the Congress will be developed, according to the tradition of the World Congress, in the following four plenary sessions and five symposia.

PLENARY SESSIONS

1. Rethinking Moral, Social and Political Philosophy: Democracy, Justice and Global Responsibility

2. Rethinking Metaphysics and Aesthetics: Reality, Beauty and the Meaning of Life

3. Rethinking Epistemology, Philosophy of Science and Technology: Knowledge and Culture

4. Rethinking History of Philosophy and Comparative Philosophy: Traditions, Critique and Dialogue

SYMPOSIA

1. Conflict and Tolerance

2. Globalization and Cosmopolitanism

3. Bioethics, Environmental Ethics and Future Generations

4. Tradition, Modernity and Post-modernity: Eastern and Western Perspectives

5. Philosophy in Korea

SECTIONS FOR CONTRIBUTED PAPERS

Aesthetics and Philosophy of Arts Ancient Philosophy Applied Ethics Approaches to Philosophy Bioethics and Medical Ethics Buddhist Philosophy Business Ethics Comparative Philosophy Confucian Philosophy Ethics Human Rights Images and Symbols Logic and Philosophy of Logic Medieval Philosophy Metaphysics Modern Philosophy Ontology Persons and Identity Phenomenology Philosophical Anthropology Philosophical Hermeneutics Philosophy of Cognitive Science Philosophy of Communication and Information Philosophy and Economics Philosophy and Environment Philosophy and Future Generations Philosophy and Gender Philosophy and Literature Philosophy for Children Philosophy in Africa: Contemporary Issues Philosophy in Asia and the Pacific: Contemporary Issues Philosophy in Europe: Contemporary Issues Philosophy in Latin America: Contemporary Issues Philosophy in North America: Contemporary Issues Philosophy of Action Philosophy of Culture Philosophy of Education Philosophy of History Philosophy of Language Philosophy of Law Philosophy of Mathematics Philosophy of Mind Philosophy of Natural Sciences Philosophy of Nature Philosophy of Religion Philosophy of Social Sciences Philosophy of Sport Philosophy of Technology Philosophy of Values Social and Political Philosophy Taoist Philosophy Teaching Philosophy Theory of Knowledge Time and Memory

SUBMISSION OF PAPERS

Submit both (a) two paper copies of approximately 6 pages (1800 words) typewritten and double-spaced, with 1.5cm margins on all sides of the text, accompanied by a 10-20 line abstract, and (b) an electronic version, either on disk or as an attachment to an e-mail message. Both should be addressed to the Korean Organizing Committee and should include an indication, prominently displayed, of the section for which the contributed paper is intended and of the language in which it has been written.

The International Program Committee reserves the right to accept or not accept papers on the basis of criteria of quality. Only papers of a philosophical nature will be considered for inclusion in the program.

IMPORTANT DATES

June 1, 2007 is the deadline for the receipt of contributed papers and for proposals for round-tables and poster sessions. Papers and proposals received after this deadline, but before January 1, 2008 may be accepted, if space is still available.

Send papers and proposals for round-table and poster sessions to the Korean Organizing Committee

XXII WORLD CONGRESS OF PHILOSOPHY WEBPAGE

www.wcp2008.or.kr <http://www.wcp2008.or.kr/>

REGISTRATION, ACCOMMODATION, AND BOOK EXHIBITION

Registration

* $175 for early registration prior to June 1, 2007 * $200 for registration prior to January 1, 2008 * $225 for registration after January 1, 2008 * $100 for accompanying person * $80 for students

Accommodation and Flights: to be announced later

Book Exhibition: to be announced later

--- Jinho Kang Assistant Professor Department of Philosophy Seoul National University Associate Secretary General, Korean Organizing Committee World Congress of Philosophy 2008

Uehiro Lectures (May-June, 2007)

Professor Peter Singer on Global PovertyTuesday May 29th, Tuesday June 5th and Tuesday June 12th 2007 at 4.30 pm in the Martin Wood lecture Theatre (Clarendon Lab, Parks Road opposite Keble.

Overcoming Bias

New blog by the FHI at Oxford. http://www.overcomingbias.com/

City Breaks: Art and Culture in Times of Expediency (19-22 Oct, 2006)

Beatriz is chairing a session at Paul Domela's conference this morning. I thought I'd tag along, this is what I heard. Saturday 10am

Context Sensitivity, Regeneration, and Competence

Nina Edge

"Nothing is Fireproof" Can't find anyone to tour this piece anymore.

"Nothing is domestic" Surburban terraced house as obsolete

Degeneration and the curse of culture How they feel about the changes in Liverpool [rather than regeneration]

Regeneration around Welsh Streets in Liverpool.

"Nothing is Private" [net curtain embroidery] "Net curtain as consensual barrier...the person on the street is the audience"

"Regeneration and art...since they have no accurate measure...of recording their effect, may be regarded as superstition. The beliefs that people have about what each are doing is only a belief...I can't find evidence to say that it is not anything more than a superstition."

"residents in Bootle don't have a computer between them."

"being made visible via media outlets" which become "the museum for art work"

Manray Hsu

Society of the Spectacle by Debord, I am a fan, but"how far can we go with Debord?" "Even philosophising is impossible...because somehow related to what is happening on the street...background semiotic control."

"how cultural producers are aware of this big context of globalisation...and how we can interact with the institution or the system under the big envelope of expediency."

"How to avoid spectacle....for example you can make an art work that is very critial of society, but at the same time can exhibit in a context that is completely dislocating its political power"

"Spectacle logic...no matter how critical...always possibility of being coopted"

"Marcuse and others are aware of this possibility"

"For me, being a curator or cultural producer, I wanted to mention this important aspect of art...suggest that...we always focus on the issue of the political economy of the exhibition itself....How we can be critical of it...being aware of the institution, of its operation in the back"

"In this context, Liverpool Biennial is interesting...as an organisaiton itself it's trying to address these issues"

"Today my talk is about Liverpool Biennial - Liverpool Model"

Big Dig! Project "City council displays its own agenda...mediate itself through these boards displaying work"

"blockage in the energy flows of the city"

"top down regeneration"

"I see it more like an art work...some fake idea of the regeneration programme and display in the public space"

""Seeing is Believing""

"If we look at what art is being produced in Europe...we find...continuing universalism...very much spread out in art magazines"

"internal colonialism withinn Europe. There's only one city that is producing its main discourse....cultural capitals are the actors for this universalism...minor cities not really reflected....big problem addressed by many european artists....at the moment, many european artists are..focusing on their local context."

"Imagine if this piece is produced by a Hungarian or Chinese artists..would be about how desperate the city is. In the case of Liverpool it's a way to propose a kind of politics, which is to contest with the politics of globalisation based on big capital"

"Liverpool is...doing just by its own model..bringing artists...to the city...to address urgent issues...peoples lives here...important political choice."

Pierre Bourdieu...look into an exhibition and see how the artist produced the work..issue of acupuncture...health of the city...urban politics."

Beatriz Garcia: contrast between city centre and surburb in terms of visibility.

Nina Edge: "local authority...are in no way interested in [surburban].

Q: "locality and community...easy words to use and in need of qualifying....I work with local community

Jean-Francois Prost

"History of.... my education through architecture...environmental studies...sites and senstivity...Modernist architect...trying to become a postmodern architect...'Learning from Las Vegas'...something even more decontextualised...historical refrences that did not even belong to the context...a bit Disney...a bit fabricated."

"Deconstructivist architect...another process of learning...deconstructing symbols...Frank Gehry"

"Neomodernist architect...another point of view...how to go through a process of site and sensitivity...a form understanding of site and the city which would be abstracted within height."

"After all this, I really needed to expand to something else..to live a different process. Most of it was about postconception...living a space and a conception after it was built...living in the space I built."

"Often the site is never shown and the whole process of transformation...take pictures before any people arrive....notion of a loss."

[living in space he built]

"Project at the biennial...recently working on a project in Detroit about 'resilient city'...and in Northern Quebec..a lot of destructive generic development...producing vacant spaces...activists...ideas of urban farming...durable development....Very little city administration linked to this development...problem of general perception...negative image after so many years."

"Acroynms related to acctions....RCPS (removal ceilings for public storage)...part of knowing that we have an impact on the space."

"Transforming elements of waht they were initially...picnic table that became heated for the winter"

"placing picnic tables in different sites..suggesting to activate space in the present..not to have to wait for long term developments"

"public loitering area..loitering is a very important aspect about public space"

"other things that related to occupation rules: SWRO - sites without rules of occuptation"

"Reprogramme or Activate Function...derelict land...anti-use design...[bench sitting on boundary fence to break]."

Stephen Wright

[One of the conceptors of the Paris Bienniale]

1985 Paris Biennalle disappeared, but recovered as a moving festival, then secured permanently in Lyon...was discovered that name of 'Paris Biennalle' was not registered...so he...'and sbsequently I, became the owners of the Paris Biennale"

It is a 'Bienalle that does not involve an exhibition...and no artists...avoid spectatorship...but 100 projects. catalogue of 1800 pages...it was around this new form of a Biennale...art is now in an epistemological and axiological crisis....not faced since Renaissance...seems evident that art should manifest itself in the world...towards publics"

"Paris Biennalle...on the verge of a paradigm shift....this is an attempt...despite law suit from French minister...doing this with relatively modest means...Based less on the idea of contexts sensitivity than...framework sensitivity..frame cannot easily be associated with a context...art cannot take place anywhere...only within performative framework...where sufficient...sensitivity...everyday object transformed ontologically...into artwork."

"My view comes less from the Debord tradition than the analytical philosophical tradition...Arthur Danto....outside the performative framework of the artwork..that an object is reluctant to change its ontological status...can only take place within the artworld"

"The artworld is that reputational economy...aggregate of agents, in the middle of which is a reputational economy...that invests certain individuals...to engage in that performative speech-act...implicit of this...is the terrible admisssion that...is just art..not the real corrosive...real thing"

"Art always finds itself bracketed off from the real, which it is so eager to erode"

"skeptical [of link between community and artist]"

extract free labour from whom the artist works with, where 'only name we will see will be the artist"

"artist will suggest that the people were co-authors...but the consequence of that is the promotion of the artist standing within the reputational economy."

"understanding the contradictions the art world is facing"

"other contradictions as well..stop merely criticising...and put forward something else...work with those symbolic producers..."

"Last night in talk from Yvonne...'negation is wilful reason'...a lot of the conversations I have been having have been based on a 'desire for a critical art'...that says No...to the Law...to real estate speculation... Hegelian tradition...power of negative thinking...but something which is extremely limited."

"For you, which word has ontological priority...the word no or the word yes. No to the law or yes to desire? The world's probably quite divided"

"paris biennale also became informed by position as wilful reason. Yes to desire"

"Underlying ideas...art need not appear necessarily in the world in the form of art work...it began to appear in that from at the time of the renaissance...Chomsky 'generative grammar'...bw performance and competence...competence in linguistics is that latent ability which belongs to every speaker of a natural language a speech act as being meaningful and grammatically plausible, but need never be performed...similar to way art functions within performative framework."

"What might one understand by competence? not just from Chomsky, but opposition i did draw from him. In french, used in management circles...knowledge economy...cognitive capitalism...spreads out into events like today, which are a key component of all ars events...production of knowledge becomes a key component of every facet of life."

"Artistic competence have been systematcally ripped off and used by the strategic rationality of our society. But the artworld has been incapable of responding to that...contradictory forces...desire for greater visibility...impose itself within a society that would marginalise it...and to retreat from the world in the face of the omnipresence of culture"

"Paris Biennale is an attempt to think through that retreat..to the point where it is not conceived as art"

"what would we show of these artists who have decided to quit the artworld and yet to continue"

"amongst those competences that have been recuperated, ripped off...not resisted by art...amongst crtiique...autonomy, creativity"

"What sort of competence then could be mustered through art specific means without performing them into art works...heuristically injected into fields of activity other than art."

"response of many artists has been 'enhanced visibilty'"

"Aesthetics of decision making...decisionary...important"

"crossing those boundaries...collective autonomy and indivudalistic..can lead to extremely interesting results"

"there is a sort of incompetence within the art world"

"incompetence not merely incapacity...in a world premised on expert...culture of experts...of expression, that we call aritsts.. Paris Biennale challenge this by foregrounding what Manray..foregounding local incompetence is a way of challenging expert culture'

"what is creativity if not merely the raising of poorly posed questions?..ifquestion incorrectly posed then there is a fissure within which creativity can emerge"

Questions and Answers

Q: Many of us working with art, extremely concerned about how elitist art is these days, but I was thinking that if you proposition is not paradoxical way taking artists of the art world in order to avoid cooptation...to an even more elitist situation..aristocracy of silence. Isn't that the problem."

Stephen: "I was not making a democractic proposition....There is no decent place to stand - Lennard Cohen meant 'in a massacre'. My position..probably appeared very prescriptive and normative...and I have a great deal of sympathy for artists...but my position is much more descriptive. I am attempting to theorise it and carry that process as far as possible. It's not that I'm suggesting that artists do this or not, but the art world...has to do something radical...reduce its claims or give them teeth"

Manray: Didnt mention quitting art, but artworld. Concept of the artworld you are using is a very integrated concept...in the political culture....In european situation, more obvious...but in Asia where art productions are increasingly coopted into creative industries...more possibilities of being used in the way you describe...but also in a situation where government are interested in using art, but they dont know how.

Stephen: the way I use the word art and the way is used in world today makes so sense outside of performative framework of artworld. Taxi driver yesterday..making sarcastic remarks about the bienniel...outside of the performative artworld, just doesnt make sense. Art as I use that word only exists within the artworld...Outside of that you might have exactly the same thing, but it wouldnt be art. ..Quitting art world might sound like art world."

George Yudice: Looking at some movements that use art but not in the sense of visual arts...favelas in Rio de Janiero...certain competencies that were previously excluded from the sphere of art...became included...has opened up spaces for interesting work to be done by these people...multitask..art is one part...of other things they do...Their practice doesnot correspond to a philosophical purity of...artworld versus non artworld...but across spheres. For Chomsky..had used an impoverished notion of competence..an ideal hearer speaker...performative side of it...much more muddied...something in the practie of people who multitask...fall into category of 'real world'....[police brutality]...there is no opposition for them...alliances between social movements...artists, celebrities..."

Beatriz Garcia: locality and community. How distinguish both terms?

Nina Edge: community as a contested zone. people who do want their houses pulled down and those who don't...I am not part of the community...I do not belong there. Newsletters have been circulated in the community...asking who is the community. Given status of community member..depends on their ability to subscribe to the regeneration they are being offered...people part of the communityare those who have agreed to have their houses pulled down...I dislike...social inclsion agenda as if it is doing good....and yet our regeneration company have hired an artist....even as a member of artistic community,there was no attempt to decsribe me as adequately being part of that community...The defnition of communities for me is a fraud...used when completely disempowered."

Jean-Francois: Question to Stephen, how does it apply to curators?

Stephen: Often when I speak about these things...we're faced yet another performative contradiction. If artists have chosen to impair their coefficient of visibility..then monstrous portrayal to repatriate them into artworld....If they dont' produce artworkds, what would a curator be able to show?...performative documentation...whereas perofmrance became increasingly documentary and docmentation and documentary has become a more important part of exhbiitions...new part of documentation...It is important if art is not to dissolve completely into the world..that competence find a means for renewal...avoid citing names, not just to avoid tedious debates about the particular...but problem of 'outing' a secret agent...discursive accompaniment, where is not an exterior evaluation...but part and parcel of the process itself"

Jean-Francois: not sure it makes a difference to be anonymous or not. Individuals arestill there, whatever the name. having the signature or not.

Stephen: It makes a big difference from a sociological perspective on how the art world functions. For me, your work is emblematic of a certain hesitation on the threshold of a local efficient of identification...acronym or picnic table works...brought back into artworld through performative documentation...seems to hesitate to pull its other foot out of the artworld; which is evident from your presence today."